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Exam 12: Learning Part 2

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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When an organism learns a response that prevents some aversive stimulation from occurring, it is termed

A) secondary learning.
B) punishment.
C) escape learning.
D) avoidance learning.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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When an event following a response weakens an organism's tendency to make that response, it is termed

A) punishment.
B) extinction.
C) negative reinforcement.
D) positive reinforcement.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Question 33

Multiple Choice

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The research of both Tolman and Bandura distinguishes between

Problems associate with the application of physical punishment as a disciplinary procedure include ____________________ side effects, increased ____________________ behavior, and behavioral problems.

In classical conditioning the response is ____, while in operant conditioning the response is ____.

Imagine that you are an advertising executive and that your sales have been dropping for a particular brand of washing detergent. You want to design a set of advertisements that makes people feel good when they see your detergent and then you want to reinforce people for buying your product. How would you design advertisements that would condition people to feel good when they see your product and how would you reinforce people for buying your detergent?

One reason that the criminal justice system in the United States does not do a better job deterring crime may be because it

Discuss the nature and importance of observational learning and discuss Bandura's view on whether reinforcement affects learning or performance.

____________________ conditioning is a form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences.

When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, it is called

Sally developed a fear of balconies after almost falling from a balcony on a couple of occasions. What was the conditioned response?

Acquiring a behavior that prevents the occurrence of an aversive event is

You eat a new food and that night become ill with nausea and vomiting. Later you experience nausea whenever you taste or smell the new food. Why did you not associate your nausea with the cues of the room, the people present, the bathroom, and so on?

Species-specific predispositions to be conditioned in certain ways and not in other ways is known as

Behavior modification programs may be designed to

Application of conditioning principles to solve behavior problems is generally known as

It is very likely that you learned how to turn on the TV and change channels as a young child without your parents ever specifically teaching you to do so. (In fact, your parents were probably happier when they had control over the TV.) In this case, your learning would, most likely, be an example of

The existence of biological constraints on learning such as preparedness and conditioned taste aversions reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

An antecedent in a behavior modification program is

____________________ refers to the initial stage of learning something.