Question 1

Many college students perceive a low exam score as a result of unfair exam questions rather than a reflection of their ability.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  defensive self-esteem.
B)  the spotlight effect.
C)  self-serving bias.
D)  low self-efficacy.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Freud thought that the ego attempts to satisfy the demands of the id in a way that will bring long-term benefits rather than pain.According to Freud the ego operates on

Accepted Answer

A)  the Oedipus complex.
B)  the reality principle.
C)  unconscious wishes.
D)  the pleasure principle.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Research indicates that most people

Accepted Answer

A)  feel more personally responsible for their failures than for their successes.
B)  view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others.
C)  underestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and judgments.
D)  are unrealistically pessimistic about their personal future.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

As a result of his impulsiveness,David has had several run-ins with teachers and law enforcement.According to Freud,David's ________ is being overwhelmed by the desires of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  id;superego
B)  ego;id
C)  id;ego
D)  collective unconscious;unconsciousE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 5

Right-hemisphere brain activity enables a split-brain patient's left hand to carry out instructions the patient cannot verbalize.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  erogenous zones.
B)  unconscious thought.
C)  reaction formation.
D)  the false consensus effect.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

According to Freud,boys develop unconscious sexual desires for their mother during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  oral
B)  phallic
C)  anal
D)  latencyE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it

Accepted Answer

A)  underestimates the importance of biological contributions to personality development.
B)  is contradicted by recent research demonstrating the human capacity for destructive behavior.
C)  is overly reliant upon observations derived from Freud's use of projective tests.
D)  offers few testable hypotheses that allow one to determine its validity.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Compared with those living in individualist cultures,people in collectivist cultures are likely to experience

Accepted Answer

A)  more privacy and less loneliness.
B)  less privacy and less loneliness.
C)  more privacy and more loneliness.
D)  less privacy and more loneliness.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Freud suggested that in the process of development,people pass through

Accepted Answer

A)  a genital stage before they enter a latency stage.
B)  a latency stage before they enter a phallic stage.
C)  a genital stage before they enter a phallic stage.
D)  a latency stage before they enter a genital stage.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic theory.
B)  archetypes.
C)  epigenetics.
D)  psychoanalysis.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

After failing his chemistry exam,Charles believes he does not have the intelligence to succeed in school and ultimately in life.Charles' low opinion of himself is representative of his low

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem.
B)  self-efficacy.
C)  defensive self-esteem.
D)  self-disclosure.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Compared with those who have high self-esteem,individuals with low self-esteem are likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  try harder to repair their bad moods.
B)  show off in order to get attention.
C)  feel anxious and lonely.
D)  express unconditional positive regard.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

A personality test reveals that Jacqueline is antagonistic,ruthless,and suspicious,whereas Melissa is accepting,soft-hearted,and trusting.It appears that Jacqueline and Melissa have scored at opposite ends of the ________ dimension of the Big Five.

Accepted Answer

A)  conscientiousness
B)  openness
C)  extraversion
D)  agreeablenessE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

The desire to differentiate yourself from others by emphasizing your unique values and traits is most common among those who value

Accepted Answer

A)  group identification.
B)  collectivism.
C)  respect for the elderly.
D)  individualism.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Professor Yon-lu tells his class that he believes that psychologists should ask people to report their own experiences and feelings instead of conducting objective laboratory experiments.Professor Yon-lu is a

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorist.
B)  psychodynamic psychologist.
C)  trait theorist.
D)  humanistic psychologist.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Interdependence is to ________ as independence is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy;self-image
B)  conditioning;humanistic psychology
C)  group identification;defensive self-esteem
D)  collectivism;individualismE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 17

While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce,he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades.A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation.
B)  displacement.
C)  projection.
D)  regression.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes Jung's notion of archetypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each person is motivated to overcome the weaknesses in his or her particular archetype.
B)  Each person inherits mental images that reflect universal human themes.
C)  Each person develops a strong sense of competence in a particular skill or area of knowledge,which becomes that person's archetype.
D)  A person's personality or archetype is shaped by his or her upbringing.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Jacinda failed her last history midterm.Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I really didn't prepare well enough for that test."
B)  "I wasn't concentrating as hard as I should have during the test."
C)  "I lack ability in history."
D)  "I think the test questions were ambiguous and confusing."E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as

Accepted Answer

A)  genuineness.
B)  unconditional positive regard.
C)  self-actualization.
D)  the ideal self.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 12: Personality

Research indicates that most people

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jacinda failed her last history midterm.Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?

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According to Freud,boys develop unconscious sexual desires for their mother during the ________ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Interdependence is to ________ as independence is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce,he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades.A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Yon-lu tells his class that he believes that psychologists should ask people to report their own experiences and feelings instead of conducting objective laboratory experiments.Professor Yon-lu is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Right-hemisphere brain activity enables a split-brain patient's left hand to carry out instructions the patient cannot verbalize.This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many college students perceive a low exam score as a result of unfair exam questions rather than a reflection of their ability.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with those living in individualist cultures,people in collectivist cultures are likely to experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a result of his impulsiveness,David has had several run-ins with teachers and law enforcement.According to Freud,David's ________ is being overwhelmed by the desires of the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best describes Jung's notion of archetypes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A personality test reveals that Jacqueline is antagonistic,ruthless,and suspicious,whereas Melissa is accepting,soft-hearted,and trusting.It appears that Jacqueline and Melissa have scored at opposite ends of the ________ dimension of the Big Five.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with those who have high self-esteem,individuals with low self-esteem are likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The desire to differentiate yourself from others by emphasizing your unique values and traits is most common among those who value

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud suggested that in the process of development,people pass through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After failing his chemistry exam,Charles believes he does not have the intelligence to succeed in school and ultimately in life.Charles' low opinion of himself is representative of his low

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud thought that the ego attempts to satisfy the demands of the id in a way that will bring long-term benefits rather than pain.According to Freud the ego operates on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Interdependence is to as independence is to .

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As a result of his impulsiveness,David has had several run-ins with teachers and law enforcement.According to Freud,David's is being overwhelmed by the desires of the .

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