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In most states, accountants are subject to liability for negligence not only to their clients but also to foreseen or known users of the accountants' reports.

A) True
B) False

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An accountant is least likely to be held liable for accounting fraud if he or she


A) uncovers suspicious financial transactions but does not inform the client.
B) fails to discover every impropriety in a client's books.
C) reports fictitious revenues in a client's financial statement.
D) conceals liabilities or debts, or artificially inflates assets, for a client.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Bell, an accountant, enters into a contract to provide services to Consumer Staples Inc. Bell fails to meet a regulatory deadline for the work. Required to pay a fine, the company files a suit against Bell. Most likely, the court will order


A) Bell to pay the amount of the fine as damages to the firm.
B) Bell to meet the next deadline but not to pay damages.
C) Consumer Staples to drop its suit and pay its fine.
D) Consumer Staples to secure another professional to finish the work.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Auto Company's liabilities exceed its assets. The firm hires Bass, an accountant, to prepare a balance sheet. Through negligent omissions, the sheet shows a net worth. Credit Bank relies on the document to make a loan to Auto. When the firm defaults, the bank files a suit against Bass. Under the Restatement (Third) of Torts, Bass is most likely


A) liable because the accountant owed a duty to the client.
B) liable because the accountant owed a duty to any foreseeable user.
C) liable if the accountant knew the bank would rely on the balance sheet.
D) not liable because the accountant and the bank were not in privity.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Because working papers are the property of an accountant, a client for whom the documents were used and developed has no right of access to them.

A) True
B) False

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Penalties for aiding or assisting in the preparation of false tax returns are limited to one penalty per taxpayer per tax year.

A) True
B) False

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Sims, an accountant, prepares for Taco Corporation a financial statement that omits a material fact. The financial statement is included in Taco's registration statement, which Uri reads. Uri buys Taco stock. Under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933, for Sims to be liable for the omission, Uri must show that he


A) relied on the omission.
B) suffered a loss on the stock.
C) knew about the omission before making the purchase.
D) is a sophisticated investor.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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A professional can be held liable for constructive fraud whether or not he or she acted with fraudulent intent.

A) True
B) False

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The importance of abiding by the standards of a profession is highlighted whenever a professional fails to adhere to those standards.

A) True
B) False

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Gen & Hetty is a Registered Public Accounting Firm. The firm performs auditing services for Healthcare Company. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, at the same time, for the same company, Gen & Hetty can also perform


A) bookkeeping.
B) none of the choices.
C) appraisal services.
D) financial systems design.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Digital Systems Corporation files a suit against Ethan, its former accountant, alleging constructive fraud. Digital Systems need not prove


A) misstatement of a material fact.
B) intent to deceive.
C) justifiable reliance.
D) an injury.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Cath is an accountant with Discount Corporation. Efrem buys Discount stock and loses money on the investment. To recover from Cath under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5, Efrem must prove


A) only the purchase and sale of a security.
B) fraud, reliance, materiality, and lack of knowledge about securities.
C) fraud, reliance, materiality, and incompetence.
D) fraud, reliance, materiality, causation, and scienter.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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