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Exam 24: Quantitative Genetics

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Question 41

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_____ can cause a single genotype to produce a range of potential phenotypes.

A) Epistasis
B) Genetic variance
C) Threshold effects
D) Environmental effects
E) Heritability

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Question 42

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Count Dracula is interested in raising vampire bats on his Transylvanian ranch. For obvious reasons, he would like his bats to be able to suck blood very quickly, and he needs to have this flock of vampire bats ready for next Halloween. As you might know, blood sucking is a quantitative genetic trait in bats. What information does Count Dracula need in order to know if he will be successful at breeding faster-sucking bats quickly, and how might he determine this information?

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Question 43

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The _____ is the statistic that measures the spread of a distribution around the mean.

Distributions A and B in the figure below have:

Do the principles discovered by Mendel for discontinuous traits also apply to the inheritance of traits that exhibit continuous variation? Why or why not?

The height and weight for three dogs are shown below. $\begin{array}{cc}Weight~ in ~kilograms&Height~ in~ centimeters\\7 & 22 \\4 & 12 \\10 & 30\end{array}$ a. Use the data to fill in the blanks in the following table. Round each to the nearest whole number and include the correct units. $\begin{array} { l l l| l l } \hline \begin{array} { l l } \text { Mean } \\\text { (weight) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l l } \text { Variance } \\\text { (weight) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Standard deviation } \\\text { (weight) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l l } \text { Mean } \\\text { (weight) }\end{array} \begin{array} { l } \text { Variance } \\\text { (height) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Standard deviation } \\\text { (height) }\end{array}\end{array}$ b. Fill in the blanks for the following table. c. For the data in the previous question, what are the values for covariance and correlation coefficient?

Estimates of heritability made by comparing related individuals assume that the environments of related individuals:

QTL mapping requires which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Use the following to answer questions The height and weight for three dogs are shown below. $\begin{array}{cc}Weight~ in ~kilograms&Height~ in~ centimeters\\7 & 22 \\4 & 12 \\10 & 30\end{array}$ -What is the variance of the height? Round to the nearest whole number.

You are hired as a consultant for a new venture: pet-squirrel breeding! Because customers prefer bushy tails on their pet squirrels, you are asked to help produce bushy-tailed squirrels from a local population as quickly and efficiently as possible. Of course, you know that bushy tails are a quantitative genetic trait in squirrels. Suppose you are hired by a breeder in Canada to help set up a breeding program. You hate the cold weather and want to avoid any unnecessary trips to Canada. Can you take what you have learned about your local population of squirrels and apply it to the Canadian population? Why or why not?

Quantitative characters often exhibit a _____ distribution.

Use the following to answer questions The height and weight for three dogs are shown below. $\begin{array}{cc}Weight~ in ~kilograms&Height~ in~ centimeters\\7 & 22 \\4 & 12 \\10 & 30\end{array}$ -What is the standard deviation of the weight? Round to the nearest whole number.

A _____ allows us to predict the value of one variable from the value of a correlated variable.

Unlike most examples of this trait, the height characteristic that Mendel studied in pea plants exhibited _____ variation.

Two varieties-X (susceptible) and Y (resistant)-of eggplant were used to characterize the genetics of resistance to a necrotizing plant pathogen. Eight thousand plants from each variety were inoculated, and the average number of necrotic lesions produced per leaf was recorded. Variety X averaged 52 lesions per leaf, whereas variety Y averaged six lesions per leaf. The F₁ progeny from a cross between variety X and variety Y plants averaged 21 lesions per leaf, with a standard deviation of 3.7. Of the F₂ progeny, 8000 were again tested by inoculation, and a total of four plants produced were phenotypically similar to the original parental plants-two plants for each extreme (i.e., parental) phenotype. Overall, the F₂ plants averaged 18 lesions per leaf with a standard deviation of 7.5. a. How many gene pairs control resistance to this pathogen? b. Determine the broad-sense heritability of resistance to this particular pathogen among the F₂ plants, assuming that there is no genetic-environmental interaction variance for this trait.

The graph below shows how yield in two varieties of corn respond to different environmental conditions. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

You and a close friend from the University of Tennessee go hiking in the mountains. You are surprised to see a salamander that is bright orange in color. Thinking that some overzealous Tennessee fans have painted this particular amphibian, you walk on. As you continue your hike, you find other salamanders of this species and note that there is variation in the coloration: some individuals are bright orange, but others are drab in color. You also note that these salamanders often eat bright orange insects. How might you explain the presence of the color polymorphism in this salamander species?

Narrow-sense heritability for IQ scores has been estimated as 0.4. If the mean IQ score in the population is 100, what is the predicted IQ for a group of children whose parents had a mean IQ score of 150?

The table below shows narrow-sense heritability estimates for body weight and egg production in chickens. $\begin{array} { l l } \text { Trait } & h ^ { 2 } \\\hline\text { Body weight } & 0.5 \\\text { Egg production } & 0.2\end{array}$ a. Which chicken trait would respond best to selection? Explain your answer. b. Explain the expected gain if high-egg-producing chickens are selectively bred. c. Explain how and why the h² would change over generations of selective breeding for high egg production.

Two varieties-X (susceptible) and Y (resistant) -of eggplant were used to characterize the genetics of resistance to a necrotizing plant pathogen. Eight thousand plants from each variety were inoculated, and the average number of necrotic lesions produced per leaf was recorded. Variety X averaged 52 lesions per leaf, whereas variety Y averaged six lesions per leaf. The F₁ progeny from a cross between variety X and variety Y plants averaged 21 lesions per leaf, with a standard deviation of 3.7. Of the F₂ progeny, 8000 were again tested by inoculation, and a total of four plants produced were phenotypically similar to the original parental plants-two plants for each extreme (i.e., parental) phenotype. Overall, the F₂ plants averaged 18 lesions per leaf with a standard deviation of 7.5. - Determine the broad-sense heritability of resistance to this particular pathogen among the F₂ plants, assuming that there is no genetic-environmental interaction variance for this trait.