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Exam 18: Gene Mutations and Dna Repair

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Question 51

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In the following section of DNA, the arrows indicate transposase cleavage sites. Use diagrams to precisely describe and indicate how target site duplications are generated when transposable elements insert into DNA.

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Question 52

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Which of the following is required for an IS element in E. coli to be able to transpose?

A) a gene for reverse transcriptase and long terminal repeats
B) a gene for reverse transcriptase and inverted repeats
C) a gene for transposase and inverted repeats
D) a gene for transposase and long terminal repeats
E) a gene for DNA polymerase and long terminal repeats

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Question 53

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How do insertion sequences and composite transposons differ?

A polypeptide has the following amino acid sequence: Met-Ala-Gln-Arg-Glu-Leu. This polypeptide was mutated to produce the following mutant sequence: Met-Ala. Which describes the MOST likely type of mutation that occurred?

Insertion or removal of one or more nucleotide base pairs in DNA within a gene often results in a _____ mutation.

Which of the following base changes in DNA is an example of a transition?

During mismatch repair, it is essential for the cell to be able to distinguish between the old template DNA strand and the newly synthesized DNA strand in order to make the appropriate correction of a mispairing created during DNA replication. How is this accomplished in E. coli?

Suppose a research study shows that people who suffer from severe depression are homozygous for a mutation in the hypothetical DEP gene. Individuals without this form of depression have the following sequence at the beginning of the translated region of their DEP genes: 5'-ATG ACG TTT GAA ATT CAG TCT AGA-3' (Met Thr Phe Glu Ile Gln Ser Arg) . Affected individuals have the following sequence: 5'-ATG ACG TTT GAA ATT TAG TCT AGA-3'(Met Thr Phe Glu Ile STOP) . The mutation identified is most likely a:

Assume that you have discovered a new chemical mutagen that modifies guanine so that it mispairs with adenine when adenine is in the template DNA strand during DNA replication. However, this mispairing is limited to when the modified guanine is being added to the newly replicating DNA strand. When the modified guanine is in the template DNA strand, it always pairs normally with cytosine being added to the growing newly synthesized strand. What type of mutation would you predict would be caused by the new chemical mutagen?

Transposable elements are found:

How can spontaneous mutations arise?

A polypeptide has the following amino acid sequence: Met-Ala-Gln-Arg-Glu-Leu. This polypeptide was mutated to produce the following mutant sequence: Met-Ala-Gln-Thr-Gly-Thr-Ile-Thr. Which describes the MOST likely type of mutation that occurred?

Assume that during DNA replication in a bacterium a mistake is made and a G is inserted into the newly synthesized DNA strand opposite a T in the template DNA strand. If this mistake is not repaired before the next round of DNA replication, what mutation will eventually result?

The type of mutation that reverses the effects of a frameshift mutation without changing the frameshift and occurs with the same gene as the frameshift is called a(n) :

Explain how an individual with a suppressor mutation can be a double mutant but express a near normal phenotype.

An example of a genetic disorder in humans that results from a loss-of-function mutation is:

What is the difference between a missense mutation and a nonsense mutation?

Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism that is inherited in humans as an autosomal dominant disorder. A survey in a small country showed that, within a two-year period, there were 12 children with normal parents born with this disorder out of a total of 420,000 births. What is the mutation rate in mutations/locus/generation?

Reversions, or reverse mutations (i.e., mutations that restore the wild-type phenotype initially lost by an earlier mutation), can be either of two types: back mutations or suppressor mutations. Explain how you could distinguish between these two different types of reversions using a test cross.

Bacterial insertion sequences encode which of the following gene products?