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Exam 15: The Genetic Code and Translation

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Question 21

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Use the following to answer questions -Process 2, illustrated above, represents:

A) replication.
B) transcription.
C) translation.
D) RNA processing.
E) RNA interference.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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Question 22

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Write the anticodon, with correct polarity, of all tRNAs that will bind to the mRNA codon 5' UCG 3', considering wobble-base pairing rules.

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The mRNA codon provided is 5'-UCG-3'. To...

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Question 23

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An mRNA has the stop codon 5' UAA 3'. What tRNA anticodon will bind to it?

An auxotrophic E. coli strain requires adenine to grow because of a mutation in a gene for an adenine synthesis enzyme. The following shows part of the wild-type and mutant alleles of the gene, including the start codon. The bottom strand is the template for transcription. $\begin{array} { c c } \text { ade } 1 ^ { + } \text {wild-type allele } & \text { ade1 } ^ { - } \text {mutant allele } \\\text { 5'...TTATGGGCAAGATCCCA...3' } & \text { 5'....TTA TGGGCTAGATCCCA...3' } \\\text { 3'...AATACCCGTTCTAGGGT...5' } & \text { 3'...AATATGGGCTAGATCCCA...3' }\end{array}$ - How does this mutation change the mRNA, and how does it affect the enzyme?

Write the codon, with correct polarity, of all mRNA codons that will bind to the tRNA anticodon 5' GCU 3', considering wobble-base pairing rules.

What is the minimum number of different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases required by a cell?

Use the following to answer questions Refer to the following sequence: 5' ...GGAGCUCGUUGUAUU... 3' -The nucleotide sequence 5'...GGAGCUCGUUGUAUU... 3' is changed to 5'GGAGACUCGUUGUAUU 3'. Why does or why doesn't the amino acid sequence change?

Use the following to answer questions An auxotrophic E. coli strain requires adenine to grow because of a mutation in a gene for an adenine synthesis enzyme. The following shows part of the wild-type and mutant alleles of the gene, including the start codon. The bottom strand is the template for transcription. $\begin{array} { c c } \text { ade } 1 ^ { + } \text {wild-type allele } & \text { ade1 } ^ { - } \text {mutant allele } \\\text { 5'...TTATGGGCAAGATCCCA...3' } & \text { 5'....TTA TGGGCTAGATCCCA...3' } \\\text { 3'...AATACCCGTTCTAGGGT...5' } & \text { 3'...AATATGGGCTAGATCCCA...3' }\end{array}$ -E. coli strains that have both the original ade1^- mutant allele shown above and a mutant allele for a gene that encodes a lysine tRNA are able to make some normal ade1 enzyme. The mutant lysine tRNA allele makes a tRNA that has one base that is different from the wild-type tRNA. Why might the mutant lysine tRNA allele affect overall cell growth?

Use the following to answer questions An auxotrophic E. coli strain requires adenine to grow because of a mutation in a gene for an adenine synthesis enzyme. The following shows part of the wild-type and mutant alleles of the gene, including the start codon. The bottom strand is the template for transcription. $\begin{array} { c c } \text { ade } 1 ^ { + } \text {wild-type allele } & \text { ade1 } ^ { - } \text {mutant allele } \\\text { 5'...TTATGGGCAAGATCCCA...3' } & \text { 5'....TTA TGGGCTAGATCCCA...3' } \\\text { 3'...AATACCCGTTCTAGGGT...5' } & \text { 3'...AATATGGGCTAGATCCCA...3' }\end{array}$ -How does this mutation change the mRNA?

Which of the following events is NOT part of prokaryotic translation initiation?

Is the following sequence RNA or DNA? How can you tell? 5' ...GGAGCUCGUUGUAUU... 3'

Describe the events in prokaryotic translation initiation.

Mechanisms that exist to detect and deal with errors in mRNA in order to ensure the accurate transfer of genetic information are collectively referred to as:

The wild-type sequence of a protein is ... asp-ile-cys-trp.… The sequence of a mutant form of the protein is ... asp-ile-tyr-trp.... Write all possible DNA sequences for the wild-type and mutant alleles of the gene for this protein; underline the changed nucleotide in the mutant allele.

A random sequence of synthetic RNA is made using equal proportions of A and C. When it is translated, which amino acids will be incorporated into the protein?

Which of the following statements describes the "wobble" rules CORRECTLY?

For any sequence of nucleotides, how many reading frames are possible?

The genetic code is NOT universal for:

A bacterial protein is encoded by the following mRNA sequence: 5'-AUGGUGCUCAUGCCCTAA-3'. The second methionine codon (AUG) in this mRNA sequence will:

Which of the following does NOT enhance the binding of the ribosome to the 5´ end of the mRNA?