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Exam 11: Chromosome Structure and Organelle Dna

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Question 41

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List and describe the three major classes of DNA sequences in the eukaryotic genome.

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The three major classes of DNA sequences...

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Question 42

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A plant has green leaves with multiple yellow spots. When used as an egg donor in a cross with a normal plant that has all green leaves, some of the progeny have green and yellow leaves and some have all green leaves. When used as the pollen donor in a cross with a normal plant, all the progeny have all green leaves. Explain the phenotype of the plant's leaves.

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The plant's leaves have a variegated phe...

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Question 43

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The agouti locus helps determine coat color in mice, and this phenotype can vary from light to dark between genetically identical individuals. You have discovered a drug that reduces the variation in the agouti phenotype. What is a likely explanation for this drug's mechanism of action?

A telomere is an example of which type of DNA sequence in eukaryotes?

At the end of the nineteenth century, American bison were bred with domestic cattle in an attempt to rescue their declining populations. The resulting hybrids were bred with true bison. After many generations, animals that look like bison may still contain some ancestral cattle DNA. Conservation geneticists have considered isolating bison that show no cattle ancestry by the mitochondrial DNA test and breeding them to maintain a group of "pure" bison. The number of bison with no cattle genes is estimated at 15,000 animals (The New York Times, 23 April 2002, "Genetically, bison don't measure up to frontier ancestors"). List one reason this might not be a good idea.

How does histone acetylation affect chromatin?

The human Y chromosome is about 50 million base pairs long. About how many nucleosomes would you expect to find associated with this chromosome?

How many base pairs per turn of the helix would MOST likely correspond to a relaxed DNA molecule?

Jack and Jill's son Jake has a severe case of myclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fiber (MERRF) syndrome. His case includes frequent and disabling myclonic seizures (involuntary twitching of the muscles) along with hearing loss, exercise intolerance, and poor night vision. Like most cases of MERRF, his case is associated with a mitochondrial mutation that he inherited from his mother Jill. His mother didn't know that she harbors the MERRF mutation among her mtDNA molecules, but she has experienced occasional mild muscle twitching throughout her life and she does not see very well at night. a. What is the most likely explanation for the difference in the severity of MERRF between Jake and his mother? b. Jack and Jill would like to have another child. They want to know the probability that their next child will also suffer from MERRF syndrome. How would you counsel them?

Which of the following is an example of an epigenetic change in eukaryotes?

What kind of gene would NOT be found in a chloroplast genome?

How many complete rotations would MOST likely correspond to a relaxed DNA molecule that is 100 bp in length?

A tRNA gene is an example of which type of DNA sequence in eukaryotes?

While working on Drosophila, you find a new mutant strain with an abnormal histone H3 gene. This novel histone mutant is predicted to cause the nucleosomes to bind an extra 15 bp of DNA compared to wild type. If you digest isolated chromatin with a nuclease to release the core nucleosomes, what size DNA fragments would you expect from wild-type and mutant flies?

A new Drosophila phenotype is investigated with a series of crosses. P (parental) organisms are true-breeding. The following is the first cross: A reciprocal cross to the one just shown is performed. Predict the results in the F₁ and F₂ generations if the mutant phenotype is X-linked recessive. Then predict the results if the allele causing the phenotype is mitochondrial.

Explain why DNA-DNA hybridization might be useful in helping to assess evolutionary relationships.

Which statement is NOT true of negatively supercoiled DNA?

"Mitochondrial Eve" is the name given to the idea that all humans alive today can trace their mitochondrial ancestry to a single African female alive around 150,000 years ago. What feature of mitochondrial inheritance makes this a reasonable conjecture?

How many membranes separate the mitochondrial matrix from the cytoplasm?

A plant has green leaves with multiple yellow spots. When used as an egg donor in a cross with a normal plant that has all green leaves, some of the progeny have green and yellow leaves and some have all green leaves. When used as the pollen donor in a cross with a normal plant, all the progeny have all green leaves. Explain the results of the crosses with the plant.