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Exam 17: Oligopoly

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Question 81

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Whether an oligopoly consists of 3 firms or 10 firms, the level of output likely will be the same.

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B) False

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Question 82

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Describe the output and price effects that influence the profit-maximizing decision faced by a firm in an oligopoly market. How does this differ from output and price effects in a monopoly market?

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Output effect: Price > Marginal cost => ...

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Question 83

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In which of the following markets are strategic interactions among firms most likely to occur?

Before the __________, agreements between oligopolists were unenforceable contracts; afterwards, such agreements were criminal conspiracies.

​A dominant strategy exists for at least one player in every game.

Table 17-1 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Sydney and Matthew, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Sydney and Matthew work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Sydney and Matthew can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The town's weekly demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the following table: ​ ​ $\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity } \\\text { (Gallons) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Price } \\\text { (Dollars per gallon) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Total Revenue and Total Profit } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} \\\hline 0 & 48 & 0 \\\hline 90 & 44 & 3,960 \\\hline 180 & 40 & 7,200 \\\hline 270 & 36 & 9,720 \\\hline 360 & 32 & 11,520 \\\hline 450 & 28 & 12,600 \\\hline 540 & 24 & 12,960 \\\hline 630 & 20 & 12,600 \\\hline 720 & 16 & 11,520 \\\hline 810 & 12 & 9,720 \\\hline 900 & 8 & 7,200 \\\hline 990 & 4 & 3,960 \\\hline 1,080 & 0 & 0 \\\hline\end{array}$ ​ -Refer to Table 17-1. If Sydney and Matthew operate as a profit-maximizing monopoly in the market for water, how many gallons of water will be produced and sold?

Suppose that Ngoc and Kalene are duopolists. Ngoc is producing 580 units of output, and Kalene is producing 880 units of output. When Kalene produces 880 units, Ngoc maximizes profit by producing 580 units. When Ngoc produces 580 units of output, Kalene maximizes profit by producing 880 units. Ngoc and Kalene are

If the output effect from increased production is larger than the price effect, then an oligopolist would increase production.

Table 17-3 The table shows the demand schedule for a particular product. ​ ​ $\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity Demanded } \\\text { (Units) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Price } \\\text { (Dollars per unit) }\end{array} \\\hline 0 & 16 \\\hline 1 & 14 \\\hline 2 & 12 \\\hline 3 & 10 \\\hline 4 & 8 \\\hline 5 & 6 \\\hline 6 & 4 \\\hline 7 & 2 \\\hline 8 & 0 \\\hline\end{array}$ ​ ​ -Refer to Table 17-3. Suppose the market for this product is served by two firms that have formed a cartel. What price will the cartel charge in this market if the marginal cost of production is $4?

Table 17-4 Only two firms, JKL and XYZ, sell a particular product. The following table shows the demand curve for their product. Each firm has the same constant marginal cost of $8 and zero fixed cost. ​ ​ $\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Price } \\\text { (Dollars per unit) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity Demanded } \\\text { (Units) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Total Revenue } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} \\\hline 28 & 0 & 0 \\\hline 26 & 5 & 130 \\\hline 24 & 10 & 240 \\\hline 22 & 15 & 330 \\\hline 20 & 20 & 400 \\\hline 18 & 25 & 450 \\\hline 16 & 30 & 480 \\\hline 14 & 35 & 490 \\\hline 12 & 40 & 480 \\\hline 10 & 45 & 450 \\\hline 8 & 50 & 400 \\\hline 6 & 55 & 330 \\\hline 4 & 60 & 240 \\\hline 2 & 65 & 130 \\\hline 0 & 70 & 0 \\\hline\end{array}$ ​ -Refer to Table 17-4. If JKL and XYZ operate to jointly maximize profits, then what quantity is sold?

Table 17-4 Only two firms, JKL and XYZ, sell a particular product. The following table shows the demand curve for their product. Each firm has the same constant marginal cost of $8 and zero fixed cost. ​ ​ $\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Price } \\\text { (Dollars per unit) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity Demanded } \\\text { (Units) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Total Revenue } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} \\\hline 28 & 0 & 0 \\\hline 26 & 5 & 130 \\\hline 24 & 10 & 240 \\\hline 22 & 15 & 330 \\\hline 20 & 20 & 400 \\\hline 18 & 25 & 450 \\\hline 16 & 30 & 480 \\\hline 14 & 35 & 490 \\\hline 12 & 40 & 480 \\\hline 10 & 45 & 450 \\\hline 8 & 50 & 400 \\\hline 6 & 55 & 330 \\\hline 4 & 60 & 240 \\\hline 2 & 65 & 130 \\\hline 0 & 70 & 0 \\\hline\end{array}$ ​ -Refer to Table 17-4. JKL and XYZ agree to jointly maximize profits. If JKL and XYZ each break the agreement and each produce 5 more than agreed upon, how much less profit does each make, compared to the profit at the cartel output?

In the prisoners' dilemma game, one prisoner is always better off confessing, no matter what the other prisoner does.

Table 17-9 Hanna and Alicia are two college roommates who both prefer a clean common space in their dorm room, but neither enjoys cleaning. The roommates must each make a decision to either clean or not clean the dorm room's common space. The following table shows the payoffs for this situation, where the higher a player's payoff number, the better off that player is. ​ ​ -Refer to Table 17-9. If Alicia chooses not to clean, then Hanna will

In the case of oligopolistic markets, self-interest makes cooperation difficult and it often leads to an undesirable outcome for the firms that are involved.

Policymakers should be aggressive in using their powers to place limits on firm behavior, because business practices that appear to reduce competition never have any legitimate purposes.

A dominant strategy is a strategy that is best for a player in a game regardless of the strategies chosen by the other players.

​A Nash Equilibrium always results in the highest total profit for the firms in an oligopoly market.

Which of the following examples illustrates an oligopoly market?

The manufacturer of South Face sells jackets to retail stores for $105 each, and it requires the retail stores to charge customers $135 per jacket. Any retailer that charges less than $135 would violate its contract with South Face. What do economists call this business practice?

Table 17-1 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Sydney and Matthew, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Sydney and Matthew work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Sydney and Matthew can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The town's weekly demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the following table: ​ ​ $\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity } \\\text { (Gallons) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Price } \\\text { (Dollars per gallon) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Total Revenue and Total Profit } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} \\\hline 0 & 48 & 0 \\\hline 90 & 44 & 3,960 \\\hline 180 & 40 & 7,200 \\\hline 270 & 36 & 9,720 \\\hline 360 & 32 & 11,520 \\\hline 450 & 28 & 12,600 \\\hline 540 & 24 & 12,960 \\\hline 630 & 20 & 12,600 \\\hline 720 & 16 & 11,520 \\\hline 810 & 12 & 9,720 \\\hline 900 & 8 & 7,200 \\\hline 990 & 4 & 3,960 \\\hline 1,080 & 0 & 0 \\\hline\end{array}$ ​ -Refer to Table 17-1. If the market for water were perfectly competitive instead of monopolistic, how many gallons of water would be produced and sold?