Question 1

Our intuitions are feelings and thoughts that are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)   automatic.
B)   explicit.
C)   conscious.
D)   systematic.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Alex was an African Grey parrot who displayed

Accepted Answer

A)   self-awareness.
B)   numerical ability.
C)   insight.
D)   tool use.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Emotion-laden images of unusual but vivid cases of abducted children may lead many parents to experience exaggerated fears of letting their children walk to school. The exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   a fixation.
B)   critical periods.
C)   framing.
D)   the availability heuristic.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

The bilingual advantage refers to the fact that people who are fluent in two languages are better at

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibiting their attention to irrelevant information.
B)   acquiring large vocabularies in both languages.
C)   thinking in images.
D)   all of these abilities.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 5

Our ability to learn a new language

Accepted Answer

A)   diminishes with age.
B)   is limited by a sharply defined critical period.
C)   remains constant throughout our lives.
D)   depends on the language.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the framing effect.
B)   telegraphic speech.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   the availability heuristic.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

One group of chimpanzees slurp termites directly from a stick, another group picks them off the stick one by one. One group of chimpanzees breaks nuts with a stone hammer; another group does this with a wooden hammer. These group differences in food gathering practices best illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   algorithms.
B)   semantics.
C)   syntax.
D)   cultural diversity.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Regarding the relationship between thinking and language, which of the following most accurately reflects the position taken in the text?

Accepted Answer

A)   Language determines everything about our thinking.
B)   Language determines the way we think.
C)   Thinking without language is not possible.
D)   Thinking affects our language, which then affects our thought.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

One reason an English-speaking adult may have difficulty pronouncing Russian words is that

Accepted Answer

A)   the vocal tracts of English- and Russian-speaking people develop differently in response to the demands of the two languages.
B)   although English and Russian have very similar morphemes, their phonemic inventories are very different.
C)   although English and Russian have very similar phonemes, their morphemic inventories are very different.
D)   after the babbling stage, a child who hears only English stops uttering other phonemes.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Animal trainers' expectations may have led them to interpret some chimpanzees' signs as indicative of greater linguistic ability than is warranted. This best illustrates the shortcoming of

Accepted Answer

A)   an algorithm.
B)   a critical period.
C)   a process simulation.
D)   linguistic determinism.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

After Paul's snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in

Accepted Answer

A)   remembering past events.
B)   pronouncing words correctly.
C)   understanding what others are saying.
D)   recognizing familiar faces.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Deaf children who are not exposed to sign language until they are teenagers

Accepted Answer

A)   are unable to master the basic words of sign language.
B)   learn the basic words but not how to order them.
C)   are unable to master either the basic words or syntax of sign language.
D)   never become as fluent as those who learned to sign at a younger age.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective is called

Accepted Answer

A)   a critical period.
B)   a fixation.
C)   a heuristic.
D)   framing.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

After two minutes of exposure to an unbroken monotone string of nonsense syllables, infants could recognize three-syllable sequences that appeared repeatedly. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in language development.

Accepted Answer

A)   Algorithms
B)   Babbling
C)   statistical learning
D)   telegraphic speechE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following BEST describes Chomsky's view of language development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Language is an entirely learned ability.
B)   Language is an innate ability.
C)   Humans have a biological predisposition to acquire language.
D)   There are no cultural influences on the development of language.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning constitute

Accepted Answer

A)   algorithms.
B)   syntax.
C)   heuristics.
D)   language.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Christmas is to holiday as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   category; prototype
B)   heuristic; algorithm
C)   algorithm; heuristic
D)   prototype; categoryE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Most people take less time to identify a cow as a mammal than a mouse as a mammal because a cow more closely resembles their mammal

Accepted Answer

A)   prototype.
B)   syntax.
C)   heuristic.
D)   algorithm.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Rico, the border collie, can fetch 200 items by name. If asked to retrieve a toy with a name he has never heard before, Rico will fetch a toy that is

Accepted Answer

A)   a prototype.
B)   new.
C)   most easily available.
D)   broken.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Vocal sounds that are not included in one's native language first begin to disappear from usage during the ________ stage of language development.

Accepted Answer

A)   one-word
B)   two-word
C)   telegraphic
D)   babblingE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 9: Memory

Christmas is to holiday as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animal trainers' expectations may have led them to interpret some chimpanzees' signs as indicative of greater linguistic ability than is warranted. This best illustrates the shortcoming of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After Paul's snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning constitute

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deaf children who are not exposed to sign language until they are teenagers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Our ability to learn a new language

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding the relationship between thinking and language, which of the following most accurately reflects the position taken in the text?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rico, the border collie, can fetch 200 items by name. If asked to retrieve a toy with a name he has never heard before, Rico will fetch a toy that is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alex was an African Grey parrot who displayed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emotion-laden images of unusual but vivid cases of abducted children may lead many parents to experience exaggerated fears of letting their children walk to school. The exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After two minutes of exposure to an unbroken monotone string of nonsense syllables, infants could recognize three-syllable sequences that appeared repeatedly. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in language development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bilingual advantage refers to the fact that people who are fluent in two languages are better at

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One group of chimpanzees slurp termites directly from a stick, another group picks them off the stick one by one. One group of chimpanzees breaks nuts with a stone hammer; another group does this with a wooden hammer. These group differences in food gathering practices best illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most people take less time to identify a cow as a mammal than a mouse as a mammal because a cow more closely resembles their mammal

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Our intuitions are feelings and thoughts that are best described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following BEST describes Chomsky's view of language development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vocal sounds that are not included in one's native language first begin to disappear from usage during the ________ stage of language development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One reason an English-speaking adult may have difficulty pronouncing Russian words is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Christmas is to holiday as is to .

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