Question 1

Central tendency is to variation as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   scatterplot; correlation
B)   range; skewed distribution
C)   mean; standard deviation
D)   median; modeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   replication.
B)   critical thinking.
C)   hindsight bias.
D)   overconfidence.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and body weight would enable you to most accurately predict body weight from knowledge of level of self- esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)   +0.60
B)   +0.01
C)   -0.10
D)   -0.06E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

The symmetrical bell-shaped figure used to represent the distribution of many physical and psychological characteristics is called a

Accepted Answer

A)   bar graph.
B)   normal curve.
C)   correlation.
D)   scatterplot.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

The healing power of positive expectations is best illustrated by

Accepted Answer

A)   overconfidence.
B)   debriefing.
C)   the placebo effect.
D)   hindsight bias.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

To understand the British newspaper headline "Income for 62% Is Below Average," a reader needs to appreciate the distinction between the ________ and the mean.

Accepted Answer

A)   range
B)   standard deviation
C)   mode
D)   medianE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 7

To accurately isolate cause and effect, experimenters should use

Accepted Answer

A)   random assignment.
B)   naturalistic observation.
C)   case studies.
D)   correlation coefficients.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Critical thinkers can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)   questioning.
B)   cynical.
C)   pessimistic.
D)   impatient.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Mr. and Mrs. Berry have five children ages 2, 3, 7, 9, and 9. The median age of the Berry children is

Accepted Answer

A)   6.
B)   7.
C)   8.
D)   9.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Operational definitions are most likely to facilitate

Accepted Answer

A)   replication.
B)   positive correlations.
C)   hindsight bias.
D)   the placebo effect.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Unlike correlational studies, experiments involve

Accepted Answer

A)   operationally defining research procedures.
B)   manipulating the factors of interest.
C)   studying observable behaviors.
D)   replication of previous research.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Surveys indicate that people are less likely to support "welfare" than "aid to the needy." These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   random sampling.
B)   wording effects.
C)   the placebo effect.
D)   naturalistic observation.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

To provide a baseline against which they can evaluate the effects of a specific treatment, experimenters make use of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent variable.
B)   independent variable.
C)   control group.
D)   experimental group.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

A lopsided set of scores that includes a number of extreme or unusual values is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)   symmetrical.
B)   normal.
C)   skewed.
D)   dispersed.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

The American Psychological Association's ethics code urges investigators to

Accepted Answer

A)   avoid the use of monetary incentives in recruiting people to participate in research.
B)   forewarn potential research participants of the exact hypotheses that the research will test.
C)   avoid the manipulation of independent variables in research involving human participants.
D)   explain the research to the participants after the study has been completed.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

A psychologist studies the play behavior of young children by watching groups during recess at school. Which type of research is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)   correlation
B)   case study
C)   experimentation
D)   naturalistic observationE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

To study the potential effects of social interaction on problem solving, some research participants were instructed to solve problems by working together; other participants were told to solve problems by working alone. Those who worked alone were assigned to the ________ group.

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental
B)   survey
C)   control
D)   correlationalE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The case study is a research method in which

Accepted Answer

A)   a single individual is studied in great depth.
B)   a representative sample of people are questioned regarding their opinions or behaviors.
C)   organisms are carefully observed in a laboratory environment.
D)   an investigator manipulates one or more variables that might affect behavior.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Measures of central tendency are most useful for

Accepted Answer

A)   random sampling.
B)   summarizing data.
C)   random assignment.
D)   constructing scatterplots.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

During the past year, Zara and Ivan each read 2 books, but George read 9, Ali read 12, and Marsha read 25. The median number of books read by these individuals was

Accepted Answer

A)   2.
B)   10.
C)   12.
D)   9.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 1: Tiinking Critically With Psychological Science

Surveys indicate that people are less likely to support "welfare" than "aid to the needy." These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychologist studies the play behavior of young children by watching groups during recess at school. Which type of research is being used?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the past year, Zara and Ivan each read 2 books, but George read 9, Ali read 12, and Marsha read 25. The median number of books read by these individuals was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To provide a baseline against which they can evaluate the effects of a specific treatment, experimenters make use of a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The healing power of positive expectations is best illustrated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operational definitions are most likely to facilitate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To accurately isolate cause and effect, experimenters should use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Measures of central tendency are most useful for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To understand the British newspaper headline "Income for 62% Is Below Average," a reader needs to appreciate the distinction between the ________ and the mean.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Central tendency is to variation as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mr. and Mrs. Berry have five children ages 2, 3, 7, 9, and 9. The median age of the Berry children is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The case study is a research method in which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The American Psychological Association's ethics code urges investigators to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The symmetrical bell-shaped figure used to represent the distribution of many physical and psychological characteristics is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Critical thinkers can best be described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike correlational studies, experiments involve

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A lopsided set of scores that includes a number of extreme or unusual values is said to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To study the potential effects of social interaction on problem solving, some research participants were instructed to solve problems by working together; other participants were told to solve problems by working alone. Those who worked alone were assigned to the ________ group.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and body weight would enable you to most accurately predict body weight from knowledge of level of self- esteem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Central tendency is to variation as is to .

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