Question 1

How does the opponent-process theory of motivation explain drug tolerance and addictive behaviors? What is the evidence for the underlying mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the opponent-process theory of motivation...

Question 2

Why would the same tone result in habituation for rats exposed to a low level background noise and sensitization for rats exposed to high level background noise?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only the high level background noise masked the tone.
B)   Only the low level background noise masked the tone.
C)   The low level background noise and tone combination activated the state and S-R system.
D)   The high level background noise and tone combination activated the state and S-R system.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 3

Describe the distinction between habituation,sensory adaptation,and fatigue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the distinction between habituation,sensory adaptation,and fatigue....

Question 4

In Aplysia,habituation of the gill withdrawal effect due to stimulation of the siphon

Accepted Answer

A)   has no effect on the response to stimulation of the mantle.
B)   increases the effect of stimulating the mantle.
C)   decreases the effect of stimulating the mantle.
D)   completely attenuates responding to stimulation of the mantle.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Repeated presentation of a stimulus will cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   both habituation and sensitization effects
B)   either habituation or sensitization effects, depending on the subject's level of arousal
C)   only habituation effects or only sensitization effects, regardless of background conditions
D)   invariant behavior changes if it is a true eliciting stimulusE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

The opponent-process theory assumes

Accepted Answer

A)   the a process is inefficient.
B)   the b process is inefficient.
C)   the a and b processes are inefficient.
D)   the a and b processes are independent.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following is the simplest form of elicited behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   the habitation response
B)   feedback stimuli
C)   reflexive behavior
D)   the sensitization processE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

What is the biphasic pattern of emotional responses? Apply this concept in the description of a common human experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the biphasic pattern of emotional...

Question 9

Habituation processes occur in the _____ system.Sensitization processes occur in the _____ system.

Accepted Answer

A)   state; sensory
B)   S-R; S-S
C)   S-R; state
D)   state; S-SE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Of the following,which is true of sign stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sign stimuli release behaviors that are performed in the same way every time.
B)   Sign stimuli characteristically release the same behavior across several species.
C)   Researchers are unable to determine which sign stimuli release behaviors.
D)   The optimal sign stimulus may not occur naturally.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Which of the following most correctly describes a sign stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)   first causes sensitization, then habituation
B)   first causes habituation, then sensitization
C)   sufficient for eliciting a modal action pattern
D)   similar to an instinctE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

Response fatigue occurs during which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Repeated actions cause muscles to temporarily weaken.
B)   Changes in the nervous system hinder transmission of neural impulses.
C)   Neurophysiological changes alter sense organs.
D)   All of the aboveE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 13

Describe how elicited behavior can be involved in complex social interactions,like breast feeding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how elicited behavior can be involved...

Question 14

Which of the following is not true of the dual-process theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Different processes are assumed to underlie increases and decreases in responsiveness to stimulation.
B)   The habituation and sensitization processes are mutually exclusive.
C)   The habituation effect is not a direct reflection of the habituation process.
D)   The sensitization effect is not a direct reflection of the sensitization process.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Describe the two processes of the dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization and the differences between these processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the two processes of the dual-process...

Question 16

Describe the opponent-process theory of motivation.Using an example from common human experience,demonstrate how the mechanisms of the theory account for an overt response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the opponent-process theory of motivation.Using an...

Question 17

The dual-process theory assumes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   One neural process is responsible for increases and decreases in responsiveness to stimulation.
B)   Different types of neural mechanisms are responsible for increases and decreases in responsiveness to stimulation.
C)   Habituation and sensitization effects are essentially the same.
D)   Habituation is due to fatigue; sensitization is due to learning.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

The dual-process theory suggests which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Habituation processes occur in parts of the nervous system that determine the organism's general level of responsiveness.
B)   Habituation processes occur in the shortest neural path between sense organs and muscles.
C)   Habituation and sensitization processes occur in the parts of the nervous system that determine the organism's general level of responsiveness.
D)   Habituation and sensitization processes determine the animal's general readiness to respond.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

What is the correct pathway of the neural signal in a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A)   afferent neuron, efferent neuron, interneuron
B)   efferent neuron, afferent neuron, interneuron
C)   afferent neuron, sensory neuron, efferent neuron
D)   afferent neuron, interneuron, efferent neuronE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 20

The dual-process theory can account for qualitative differences

Accepted Answer

A)   between short-term and long-term habituation.
B)   between sensitization and long-term habituation.
C)   between sensitization and short-term habituation.
D)   among sensitization, short-term habituation, and long-term habituation.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 2: Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

The dual-process theory assumes which of the following?

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Describe the distinction between habituation,sensory adaptation,and fatigue.

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What is the biphasic pattern of emotional responses? Apply this concept in the description of a common human experience.

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Of the following,which is true of sign stimuli?

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The dual-process theory can account for qualitative differences

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Describe the opponent-process theory of motivation.Using an example from common human experience,demonstrate how the mechanisms of the theory account for an overt response.

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Which of the following most correctly describes a sign stimulus?

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How does the opponent-process theory of motivation explain drug tolerance and addictive behaviors? What is the evidence for the underlying mechanisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The opponent-process theory assumes

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Describe how elicited behavior can be involved in complex social interactions,like breast feeding.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why would the same tone result in habituation for rats exposed to a low level background noise and sensitization for rats exposed to high level background noise?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Habituation processes occur in the _____ system.Sensitization processes occur in the _____ system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Aplysia,habituation of the gill withdrawal effect due to stimulation of the siphon

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of the dual-process theory?

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Repeated presentation of a stimulus will cause which of the following?

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Describe the two processes of the dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization and the differences between these processes.

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The dual-process theory suggests which of the following?

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Response fatigue occurs during which of the following conditions?

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What is the correct pathway of the neural signal in a reflex arc?

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Which of the following is the simplest form of elicited behavior?

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Habituation processes occur in the _ system.Sensitization processes occur in the _ system.

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