Question 1

Which of the following is one of the characteristics of a modal action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)   The eliciting stimulus is usually easy to identify.
B)   They are species-specific response patterns.
C)   The threshold for eliciting the behavior is relatively invariant.
D)   The eliciting stimulus will have similar effects over different situations.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

According to the dual-process theory,each presentation of a given stimulus activates

Accepted Answer

A)   both the state and S-R systems.
B)   the state system and may activate the S-R system.
C)   the S-R system.
D)   the state system.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process theory of motivation.What is the goal of each theory? What similarities do you notice in the mechanisms? Differences? How does each account for habituation effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process...

Question 4

In Aplysia,the role of the facilitory interneuron is to

Accepted Answer

A)   increase sensitivity of the motor neuron.
B)   increase the release of neurotransmitter from the sensory neuron.
C)   decrease the sensitivity of the motor neuron.
D)   decrease the release of neurotransmitter from the motor neuron.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following is likely to be the most stereotyped response?

Accepted Answer

A)   a squirrel eating a walnut
B)   a robin searching for a worm
C)   a grandmother preparing a pie
D)   a young man issuing a threatening gestureE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Your professor is conducting an investigation of visual attention in infants.A relatively complex pattern will be presented to the infants,hopefully eliciting visual attention.What do you predict will happen with repeated presentations of the complex visual stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)   The infants will show uniformly high levels of responding across all trials.
B)   The infants will increase, then decrease, responding.
C)   The infants will decrease, then increase, responding.
D)   The infants will show a high level of responding on the first trial, then decreasing responding on subsequent trials.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats.Initially,there is a large startle response that decreases across trials.The response decrease across trials may be due to

Accepted Answer

A)   habituation.
B)   fatigue.
C)   sensory adaptation.
D)   All of the aboveE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Explain why repeated presentations of the same stimulus can elicit responses that decrease in one group of subjects and increase in another group of subjects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why repeated presentations of the same...

Question 9

The stimulus specificity of sensitization is _____ that of habituation.

Accepted Answer

A)   less than
B)   greater than
C)   either less than or greater than (depending on the stimulus) 
D)   equal toE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

Accepted Answer

A)   avoid opponent after-effects.
B)   increase opponent after-effects.
C)   enjoy the primary pleasurable effects.
D)   enjoy the secondary pleasurable effects.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding any given modal action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)   usually found in many species
B)   involves species-specific responses
C)   cannot be elicited by a stimulus found in the organism's usual environment
D)   involves movement towards or away from a stimulusE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Explain how the same reflex can both promote and interfere with the well being of an organism.

Accepted Answer

Reflexes are automatic, involuntary resp...

Question 13

Successful nursing requires practice because the baby normally does which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

A)   habituates to the nipple
B)   becomes sensitized to the nipple
C)   may have a respiratory occlusion response
D)   has numerous taxis behaviorsE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following is the incorrect statement about reflexive behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most reflexes promote the well-being of the organism.
B)   Simple reflexes are not influenced by higher nervous system functions.
C)   Reflexes are the simplest form of elicited behavior.
D)   The organization of the nervous system determines the specificity of the stimulus/response relationship.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Elicited behaviors are interesting to researchers studying learning because of which following result?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are invariant and make good controls.
B)   They are present in most animals except humans and provide clues to the evolution of behavior.
C)   They do not occur the same way each time the eliciting stimulus is presented.
D)   They allow for voluntary behavior in non-human animals.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Repeated presentations of a stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)   result in short-term and long-term habituation effects.
B)   result in long-term habituation effects only.
C)   result in spontaneous recovery if enough time passes.
D)   None of theseE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Describe how habituation and sensitization are involved in emotion regulation and drug addiction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how habituation and sensitization are involved...

Question 18

The respiratory occlusion response in babies begins with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   a swiping motion across the face; then the infant pulls away, then cries
B)   crying; then the infant pulls away, then swipes the face
C)   pulling the head back; then the infant swipes the face, then cries
D)   pulling the head back; then the infant cries, then swipes the faceE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

According to the opponent-process theory,drug tolerance develops because

Accepted Answer

A)   the a process weakens.
B)   the b process weakens.
C)   the a process strengthens.
D)   the b process strengthens.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Pain caused by foot-shock sensitizes rats to

Accepted Answer

A)   auditory cues only.
B)   visual cues only.
C)   auditory and visual cues.
D)   all cues.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 2: Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Describe how habituation and sensitization are involved in emotion regulation and drug addiction.

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Repeated presentations of a stimulus

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The stimulus specificity of sensitization is _____ that of habituation.

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Explain how the same reflex can both promote and interfere with the well being of an organism.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIReflexes are automatic, involuntary resp...View AnswerShow Answer

Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process theory of motivation.What is the goal of each theory? What similarities do you notice in the mechanisms? Differences? How does each account for habituation effects?

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Which of the following is likely to be the most stereotyped response?

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In Aplysia,the role of the facilitory interneuron is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is one of the characteristics of a modal action pattern?

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A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats.Initially,there is a large startle response that decreases across trials.The response decrease across trials may be due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why repeated presentations of the same stimulus can elicit responses that decrease in one group of subjects and increase in another group of subjects.

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The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

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Which of the following is the incorrect statement about reflexive behaviors?

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The respiratory occlusion response in babies begins with which of the following?

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According to the opponent-process theory,drug tolerance develops because

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According to the dual-process theory,each presentation of a given stimulus activates

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Which of the following is true regarding any given modal action pattern?

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Successful nursing requires practice because the baby normally does which of the following actions?

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Pain caused by foot-shock sensitizes rats to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your professor is conducting an investigation of visual attention in infants.A relatively complex pattern will be presented to the infants,hopefully eliciting visual attention.What do you predict will happen with repeated presentations of the complex visual stimulus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Elicited behaviors are interesting to researchers studying learning because of which following result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Reflexes are automatic, involuntary resp...
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