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Exam 10: Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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Injecting an NMDA receptor blocker into the amygdala

A) has no effect on conditioned fear.
B) prevents only startle responses.
C) prevents only defensive behaviors.
D) disrupts acquisition of conditioned fear.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Question 32

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Which is true of the assumptions of both SSDR theory and the predatory imminence hypothesis?

A) Selection of avoidance responses is through punishment of early ineffective responses.
B) Selection of avoidance responses is due to different levels of perceived danger.
C) A distinction is made between defensive and recuperative responses.
D) Defensive behaviors initially occur as unconditional responses.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Question 33

Multiple Choice

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The first component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

The difference between an escape trial and an avoidance trial is that

Which procedure is carried out to determine if an organism can learn to avoid a non-signaled aversive stimulus?

Your friend has decided to use punishment as a means of training her new puppy.What are three things she must do to ensure that the aversive stimuli she administers will quickly alter the pup's behavior?

Bechterev had human subjects place their fingers on a shock plate,signaled with a warning CS,and then delivered a brief shock.He noticed that after a few trials,subjects were lifting their fingers from the plate in response to the CS,thus reducing the shock US.This experiment is best characterized as an investigation of

Which theory suggests that the stimuli accompanying avoidance responses provide positive reinforcement for avoidance behavior?

In a free-operant avoidance procedure,the subject avoids shock by making responses to increase the number of

Your friend checks her shoes before riding on the escalator,to make sure they are tied and will not get caught between the moving steps.You recognize her behavior as which of the following?

Your roommate is desperate to avoid bad grades.He studies long into the night.When you ask your roommate about this behavior,he tells you that the sensation of going to bed exhausted from studying feels good to him because it means he will not fail his quizzes.Your roommate is a believer in

Keith's father is pleased to note that Keith no longer spends his afternoons breaking windows.According to his father,this change in behavior is due to Keith's fear of punishment,but Keith says that he no longer breaks windows because he likes working on cars and no longer has time to find windows to break.Keith's attitude reflects the assumptions of

A rat is placed in a test arena.When a two-second tone sounds,the rat must push a lever in the arena to prevent a mild footshock from being delivered.If the rat does not push the lever,the shock is delivered periodically until the lever is depressed.On early trials,the rat often fails to push the lever until the shock is delivered.These early trials are referred to as

Explain how the two-process theory of avoidance accounts for the behavior that develops in avoidance training.

Lesions of the amygdala produce an animal that

In a flooding procedure,the subject is

Compare the safety-signal hypothesis to the two-process theory of avoidance.

Describe factors that enhance the effectiveness of punishment in suppressing behavior.

What is the fundamental problem in the analysis of avoidance behavior,and how is this problem resolved by two-process theory?

Compare avoidance and escape trials.Provide an example of each from common human experience.