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Exam 12: Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

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Question 1

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Describe the internal clock.Compare the information processing and behavioral theory of how timing might take place.

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The internal clock refers to the biological mechanism within an organism that regulates the perception and processing of time. This internal clock is responsible for our ability to perceive and measure time intervals, and it plays a crucial role in various physiological and behavioral processes. Information processing theory suggests that timing is a result of the brain's ability to process and store temporal information. According to this theory, the brain uses a combination of sensory input, memory, and cognitive processes to estimate and track time intervals. This involves the encoding, storage, and retrieval of temporal information, which allows us to perceive and measure time. On the other hand, behavioral theory proposes that timing is a learned behavior that is influenced by environmental cues and reinforcement. According to this theory, organisms learn to time their behaviors and responses based on the consequences of their actions. This involves the association of specific stimuli or events with particular time intervals, which allows for the prediction and coordination of behaviors in relation to time. Overall, both theories offer valuable insights into how timing might take place, with information processing theory focusing on the cognitive and neural processes involved in time perception, and behavioral theory emphasizing the role of learning and environmental influences on timing behaviors. The internal clock likely plays a central role in both theories, as it provides the underlying biological mechanism for the perception and processing of time intervals.

Question 2

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In order to respond correctly in tests of perceptual concept learning,a dolphin must

A) respond similarly to members of different categories if they share similar elements.
B) respond differently to members of the same category if they have different elements.
C) respond similarly to members of different categories even if they are very different.
D) respond similarly to members of the same category even if they have different elements.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 3

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According to the behavioral theory of timing,the discriminative stimuli for the required timing responses are

A trial begins with presentation of a discriminative stimulus.If the stimulus is a light,a food pellet reinforcer will be set up after 20 seconds and can be earned with a lever press.If the stimulus is a tone,a food pellet reinforcer will be set up after 40 seconds and can be earned with a lever press.Test trials involve recording the subject's responses over 80 non-reinforced seconds.This type of experiment is investigating an organism's ability to

A dog is trained to fetch sodas from the refrigerator.It knows to first go the refrigerator.Once at the refrigerator,it knows to pull on the door.When the door is open,it knows to grab the can.With the can in its mouth,it knows to return to its master.This dog probably learned

Do you believe that tool use is a defining feature of advanced intelligence? Why or why not? Why might the New Caledonian crow have a predisposition for tool use?

In an ordered behavior task,a response to stimulus A results in the presentation of stimulus B.Responding to B results in C,and so forth.This type of task is called

The simplest explanation for perceptual concept learning is

Compare response chains,paired associate learning and serial representation learning.How can an investigator determine which strategy is being used by an animal in a serial pattern learning task?

A rat is used in a modified matching-to-sample experiment.If the rat is presented with a 4-second-long sample,it must push the left lever.If the sample is 10 seconds long,the rat must depress the right lever.This type of experiment tests the rat's ability to

Monkeys were trained to respond sequentially in a simultaneous stimulus array procedure.After training,which of the following sets of test stimuli will lead to the longest latency to press the first key?

What evidence suggests that food caching birds know where food is stored,what food is stored,and when they stored the food?

Steve explains that he knows a cow is a cow because he has seen other cows,and he has been able to generalize from those times when he has correctly identified other cows to this instance of cow-spotting.Steve's explanation supports which theory of perceptual concept learning?

In the model-rival technique,

Studies of perceptual concept learning suggest that

Evidence of generalization to novel exemplars is used to support

What does learning a perceptual concept involve?

Which theory assumes that concept learning is due to responding to certain stimulus aspects that members of a perceptual category have in common,stimulus aspects to which the instrumental response becomes conditioned when the organism is reinforced?

Which theory of perceptual concept learning is based on conventional concepts of discrimination learning and stimulus generalization?

Describe how responsiveness to word order may be evaluated in the language comprehension of chimpanzees and children.