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Exam 8: Cognition and Language

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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Functional fixedness refers to

A) continued use of problem-solving strategies that have worked in the past.
B) arriving at a particularly insightful solution to a problem.
C) focusing on information that is irrelevant to the solution of the problem.
D) not seeing a new function for a familiar object.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Question 22

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Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house.She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase.In this case, Claudia has

A) demonstrated functional fixedness in solving her problem.
B) effectively utilised the availability heuristic in solving her problem.
C) overcome functional fixedness in solving her problem.
D) utilised an elimination-by-aspects strategy to solve her problem.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Question 23

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Three-year-old Johnny used to say "mikk" when he wanted a drink of milk.Now he is able to say "milk" quite clearly.In this instance, Johnny has made a gain in his use of

During the 1950s and 1960s, creative new ways of measuring mental processes paved the way for the cognitive revolution.The development of new research methods helps to illustrate which of your text's unifying themes?

The fact that overextensions are more common in children's production of words than in their comprehension of words implies that overextensions occur because

The most successfully trained apes have language abilities similar to a three-year old human child..

Research into the impact of bilingualism on language development suggests that bilingual children tend to have smaller vocabularies in each of their languages then monolingual children do.

Car A has good mileage, a low price, and low maintenance, or three pluses.Car B has only a low price and low maintenance, or two pluses.So, I'll choose Car A.This is an example of

The two sentences "Tom hit John" and "John hit Tom" are the same in regard to

After the first word is spoken,

Attempting possible solutions to a problem, then discarding the ones that don't work until you find one that does, is called the ____________________ method of problem solving.

The smallest speech units in a language that can be distinguished perceptually are

Seven-year-old Tracy heard a joke in school and asks you: "How could you find a lost dog in the woods?" When you are stumped, she tells you: "You stand near a tree and listen for the bark".Tracy's play on words indicates that she is developing

Joe is a bilingual elementary school student.Relative to his monolingual peers, Joe is likely to excel on tasks requiring

When the word "jar" is changed to the word "jars," the number of

The trial and error approach to problem solving is most effective when

The key properties of language include symbolism, phonemes and generativity.

The tendency to keep using the same strategy over and over again when trying to solve a problem is known as functional fixedness.

You are having a conversation with your psychology professor and she proposes that children acquire language the same way they learn everything else, through reinforcement and other established principles of conditioning.Which theorist would agree with her assertions?

Which strategy for decision-making might involve the weighting of individual attributes differently, based on the importance of the attributes?