Question 1

People often find it difficult to solve a problem by using a familiar object in a novel way because of

Accepted Answer

A)   a mental set.
B)   unnecessary constraints.
C)   irrelevant information.
D)   functional fixedness.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Metalinguistic awareness refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the ability to recognise one's own grammatical errors.
B)   the ability to reflect on the use of language.
C)   knowledge of which verbs are irregular.
D)   awareness of the role of positive reinforcement in language acquisition.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Research suggests that when making a decision involving relatively few options, people tend to use

Accepted Answer

A)   elimination by aspects strategies.
B)   selection by aspect strategies.
C)   additive strategies.
D)   subtractive strategies.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The smallest unit of meaning in a language is

Accepted Answer

A)   the phoneme.
B)   the word.
C)   the phrase.
D)   the morpheme.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Young children have a larger receptive vocabulary than productive vocabulary.In other words, they ____ more words than they ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   hear; speak
B)   speak; understand
C)   understand; speak
D)   understand; hearE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

According to Skinner, children learn a language

Accepted Answer

A)   because they possess an innate language acquisition device.
B)   through imitation, reinforcement, and shaping.
C)   as the quality of their thought improves with age.
D)   only when they have reached a certain level of brain maturation.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Your sister has just given birth to her first child and has asked you when she should expect the baby to begin speaking.In a paragraph or two, present what you would tell her about the development of language in the first two years of life.

Accepted Answer

Babies as young as three months of age d...

Question 8

Robert knows how to say "red," but when his cousin asks him to name the colours of the cars that drive past their house, he says red for the red cars, the blue cars, the green cars, and the black cars.Robert's use of this word illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   fast mapping.
B)   telegraphic speech.
C)   babbling.
D)   overextension.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following statements concerning the ability of animals to acquire language is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   some language-like skills have been taught to a number of species
B)   questions remain concerning whether the language-like behaviour of animals demonstrate all the critical properties of language
C)   animals have never shown behaviour that suggests an understanding of grammatical rules
D)   the ability to use language - in a very basic, primitive way - may not be entirely unique to humansE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

The hypothesised "language acquisition device" is associated with the

Accepted Answer

A)   nativist theory of language.
B)   learning theory of language.
C)   generativity theory of language.
D)   stage theory of language.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

The fact that choices which are objectively identical can seem very different when reframed in different terms helps to illustrate which of your text's unifying themes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Heredity and environment jointly influence behaviour.
B)   Psychology is theoretically diverse.
C)   Our behaviour is shaped by our cultural heritage.
D)   Our experience of the world is highly subjective.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Our ability to reason constitutes primarily

Accepted Answer

A)   a behavioural activity.
B)   a cognitive activity.
C)   a learned activity.
D)   an objective activity.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Last Halloween, four-year-old Jillian called the decorations at her house "punkins".This year she is able to say "pumpkins" when she describes them.In this instance, Jillian has made a gain in her use of

Accepted Answer

A)   syntax.
B)   morphemes.
C)   linguistic heuristics.
D)   phonemes.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 14

Briefly describe the types of errors that children make during their first attempts at language use.

Accepted Answer

Children often make under- and over-exte...

Question 15

B.F.Skinner was one of the theorists who encouraged the study of cognitive activity, which helped lead to the cognitive revolution in the 1950s.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Reorganising the letters "OSHUE" to form an English word is an example of an anagram, which constitutes a problem of

Accepted Answer

A)   inducing structure.
B)   lexical analysis.
C)   transformation.
D)   arrangement.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Syntax refers to rules for

Accepted Answer

A)   arranging words into phrases and sentences.
B)   combining phonemes to form morphemes.
C)   using words symbolically.
D)   combining morphemes into words.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Malcolm has been watching a roulette-type game at a local charity bazaar.The game has only ten numbers on the wheel, and every number except 8 has come up as a winner during the last 15 minutes.Malcolm decides to bet R10 on number 8, because it has to come up eventually.In this case, Malcolm is showing evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   the gambler's fallacy.
C)   the base rate fallacy.
D)   the conjunction fallacy.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

The component of language that would be evident if an individual recognises that "give" and "take" have opposite meanings is

Accepted Answer

A)   syntax.
B)   phonology.
C)   generativity.
D)   semantics.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

When trying to decide between two different choices of sandwiches for lunch Susan can use a variety of strategies, including an additive strategy in which she gradually adds less attractive choices to her elimination list and an elimination strategy in which she will gradually eliminate the attributes that will allow her to eliminate the numerous choices until she has one remaining.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Cognition and Language

Reorganising the letters "OSHUE" to form an English word is an example of an anagram, which constitutes a problem of

Correct Answer
verified

Young children have a larger receptive vocabulary than productive vocabulary.In other words, they more words than they .

Correct Answer
verified

The fact that choices which are objectively identical can seem very different when reframed in different terms helps to illustrate which of your text's unifying themes?

Correct Answer
verified

Research suggests that when making a decision involving relatively few options, people tend to use

Correct Answer
verified

Metalinguistic awareness refers to

Correct Answer
verified

Syntax refers to rules for

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements concerning the ability of animals to acquire language is false?

Correct Answer
verified

Your sister has just given birth to her first child and has asked you when she should expect the baby to begin speaking.In a paragraph or two, present what you would tell her about the development of language in the first two years of life.

Correct Answer
verified
Babies as young as three months of age d...
View Answer

B.F.Skinner was one of the theorists who encouraged the study of cognitive activity, which helped lead to the cognitive revolution in the 1950s.

Correct Answer
verified

Robert knows how to say "red," but when his cousin asks him to name the colours of the cars that drive past their house, he says red for the red cars, the blue cars, the green cars, and the black cars.Robert's use of this word illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

People often find it difficult to solve a problem by using a familiar object in a novel way because of

Correct Answer
verified

The smallest unit of meaning in a language is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Briefly describe the types of errors that children make during their first attempts at language use.

Correct Answer
verified
Children often make under- and over-exte...
View Answer

Our ability to reason constitutes primarily

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The hypothesised "language acquisition device" is associated with the

Correct Answer
verified

The component of language that would be evident if an individual recognises that "give" and "take" have opposite meanings is

Correct Answer
verified

According to Skinner, children learn a language

Correct Answer
verified

Last Halloween, four-year-old Jillian called the decorations at her house "punkins".This year she is able to say "pumpkins" when she describes them.In this instance, Jillian has made a gain in her use of

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Cognition and Language

Reorganising the letters "OSHUE" to form an English word is an example of an anagram, which constitutes a problem of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Young children have a larger receptive vocabulary than productive vocabulary.In other words, they ____ more words than they ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that choices which are objectively identical can seem very different when reframed in different terms helps to illustrate which of your text's unifying themes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that when making a decision involving relatively few options, people tend to use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metalinguistic awareness refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Syntax refers to rules for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning the ability of animals to acquire language is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your sister has just given birth to her first child and has asked you when she should expect the baby to begin speaking.In a paragraph or two, present what you would tell her about the development of language in the first two years of life.

Correct AnswerverifiedBabies as young as three months of age d...View AnswerShow Answer

B.F.Skinner was one of the theorists who encouraged the study of cognitive activity, which helped lead to the cognitive revolution in the 1950s.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Robert knows how to say "red," but when his cousin asks him to name the colours of the cars that drive past their house, he says red for the red cars, the blue cars, the green cars, and the black cars.Robert's use of this word illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People often find it difficult to solve a problem by using a familiar object in a novel way because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The smallest unit of meaning in a language is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe the types of errors that children make during their first attempts at language use.

Correct AnswerverifiedChildren often make under- and over-exte...View AnswerShow Answer

Our ability to reason constitutes primarily

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hypothesised "language acquisition device" is associated with the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The component of language that would be evident if an individual recognises that "give" and "take" have opposite meanings is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Skinner, children learn a language

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Last Halloween, four-year-old Jillian called the decorations at her house "punkins".This year she is able to say "pumpkins" when she describes them.In this instance, Jillian has made a gain in her use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Young children have a larger receptive vocabulary than productive vocabulary.In other words, they more words than they .

Correct Answer
verified

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Babies as young as three months of age d...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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verified
Children often make under- and over-exte...
View Answer

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