Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a common methodological flaw to consider when evaluating scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A)   distortions of self-report
B)   sampling bias
C)   subject effect
D)   placebo effectE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

In descriptive/correlational research, the investigator

Accepted Answer

A)   systematically observes two variables to see whether there is an association between them.
B)   manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether there are changes in a second variable as a result.
C)   exposes subjects to two closely related treatment conditions.
D)   simultaneously manipulates two or more independent variables.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Gugu is in a class where the scores on the second midterm exam ranged from 75 to 85 points.Shaun is taking the same course, but in his section the scores ranged from 50 to 98 points.In this example the standard deviation in Gugu's class should be

Accepted Answer

A)   negatively correlated with the standard deviation in Shaun's class.
B)   lower than the standard deviation in Shaun's class.
C)   higher than the standard deviation in Shaun's class.
D)   the same as the standard deviation in Shaun's class.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Statistics that are used to interpret data and draw conclusions are called

Accepted Answer

A)   descriptive statistics.
B)   inferential statistics.
C)   numerical statistics.
D)   significant statistics.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Dr Desai predicts that if teachers ignore students who act up in class, fewer students will act up in class.Dr Desai's prediction is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   an operational definition.
B)   a theory.
C)   inferential statistics.
D)   a hypothesis.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning experimenter bias is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   experimenter bias may influence the behaviour of the participants
B)   experimenter bias is often intentional
C)   experimenter bias may influence the researcher's observations or recording of participants responses
D)   experimenter bias may influence the research project in subtle waysE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Bill received a poor performance evaluation in his job last year.Since then Bill has started working through his lunch hour, has taken on four special projects, and has enrolled in night classes to upgrade his computer skills.If Bill receives a better evaluation at his next performance it will be hard for him to figure out why because

Accepted Answer

A)   he failed to use a double-blind procedure to test his hypothesis.
B)   he didn't formulate a research hypothesis before implementing the changes.
C)   none of the actions he took are likely to be related to his overall job performance.
D)   the three actions he took are confounded with each other.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

As scientists, psychologists assume that behaviour is governed by some ____________________ order.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As scientists, psychologists assume that behaviour is...

Question 9

The best way to reduce the risk of experimenter bias is to use a double-blind research procedure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A correlation coefficient of zero describes

Accepted Answer

A)   a positive relationship between two variables.
B)   a negative relationship between two variables.
C)   the lack of a relationship between two variables.
D)   a perfect relationship between two variables.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

In Emma's sociology discussion group 4 of the 5 students are between the ages of 19 and 23; the fifth student is 54 years old.If Emma wants to report the statistic that best represents the "average" age for her discussion group, she should report either

Accepted Answer

A)   the mean or the median, because these numbers are typically the same.
B)   the mean or the mode, because these number are not affected by extreme scores.
C)   the median or the mode, because these numbers will be more representative.
D)   the mean or the standard deviation, so additional statistics can be calculated.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

The second step in the research method is the making of the empirical observations and measurements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Percy is working with a company to help them develop more effective training programs for their employees.He has spent a great deal of time reviewing all the documentation the company has about previous training opportunities they have provided for their employees.Up to this point in time, Percy has been engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)   psychological testing.
B)   archival research.
C)   direct observation.
D)   meta-analysis.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

If A and B are highly correlated, which statement MOST accurately describes the relationship between A and B?

Accepted Answer

A)   the score on A causes the score on B
B)   the score on B causes the score on A
C)   both A and B are caused by a third variable
D)   the score on A can be used to predict the score on BE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys all have in common that

Accepted Answer

A)   they do not directly observe behaviour.
B)   they do not manipulate the variables under study.
C)   they can show causal relationships.
D)   the results obtained cannot be analysed statistically.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Dr Mokoena believes that people who are under stress will develop more colds than people who are not under stress.When he randomly selects 10 participants and exposes them to high levels of stress, he finds that 9 of the participants develop colds.Based on these results he concludes that stress causes an increase in colds.Dr Mokoena's reasoning may be flawed because in this study

Accepted Answer

A)   there was no dependent variable in his study.
B)   there was no control group for comparison.
C)   he didn't formulate a hypothesis before he collected his data.
D)   he didn't measure the independent variable when the study ended.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Individuals who think critically do not rely on anecdotal evidence because this type of evidence

Accepted Answer

A)   is too general and can be applied to too many unrelated situations.
B)   is based on inferential statistical analysis, which is generally unreliable.
C)   can be distorted by reporting biases.
D)   involves only negative instances, and cannot be used to make an unbiased decision.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 18

Variables, other than the independent variable, that are likely to influence the dependent variable are called ____________________ variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Variables, other than the independent variable, that...

Question 19

While a(n)  ____ is the group of individuals actually observed in a research study, the ____ is the group of individuals that researchers want to generalise or extend their findings to describe.

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental group; control group
B)   control group; experimental group
C)   population; sample
D)   sample; populationE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Describe how inferential statistics are used and explain statistical significance.

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics are used to inter...

Exam 2: Research Methods in Psychology

In descriptive/correlational research, the investigator

Correct Answer
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While a(n) is the group of individuals actually observed in a research study, the is the group of individuals that researchers want to generalise or extend their findings to describe.

Correct Answer
verified

Naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys all have in common that

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Variables, other than the independent variable, that are likely to influence the dependent variable are called ____________________ variables.

Correct Answer
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Describe how inferential statistics are used and explain statistical significance.

Correct Answer
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Inferential statistics are used to inter...
View Answer

Statistics that are used to interpret data and draw conclusions are called

Correct Answer
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Gugu is in a class where the scores on the second midterm exam ranged from 75 to 85 points.Shaun is taking the same course, but in his section the scores ranged from 50 to 98 points.In this example the standard deviation in Gugu's class should be

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In Emma's sociology discussion group 4 of the 5 students are between the ages of 19 and 23; the fifth student is 54 years old.If Emma wants to report the statistic that best represents the "average" age for her discussion group, she should report either

Correct Answer
verified

The best way to reduce the risk of experimenter bias is to use a double-blind research procedure.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements concerning experimenter bias is false?

Correct Answer
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The second step in the research method is the making of the empirical observations and measurements.

Correct Answer
verified

If A and B are highly correlated, which statement MOST accurately describes the relationship between A and B?

Correct Answer
verified

As scientists, psychologists assume that behaviour is governed by some ____________________ order.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A correlation coefficient of zero describes

Correct Answer
verified

Individuals who think critically do not rely on anecdotal evidence because this type of evidence

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a common methodological flaw to consider when evaluating scientific research?

Correct Answer
verified

Dr Desai predicts that if teachers ignore students who act up in class, fewer students will act up in class.Dr Desai's prediction is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Research Methods in Psychology

In descriptive/correlational research, the investigator

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While a(n) ____ is the group of individuals actually observed in a research study, the ____ is the group of individuals that researchers want to generalise or extend their findings to describe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys all have in common that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Variables, other than the independent variable, that are likely to influence the dependent variable are called ____________________ variables.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how inferential statistics are used and explain statistical significance.

Correct AnswerverifiedInferential statistics are used to inter...View AnswerShow Answer

Statistics that are used to interpret data and draw conclusions are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gugu is in a class where the scores on the second midterm exam ranged from 75 to 85 points.Shaun is taking the same course, but in his section the scores ranged from 50 to 98 points.In this example the standard deviation in Gugu's class should be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Emma's sociology discussion group 4 of the 5 students are between the ages of 19 and 23; the fifth student is 54 years old.If Emma wants to report the statistic that best represents the "average" age for her discussion group, she should report either

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best way to reduce the risk of experimenter bias is to use a double-blind research procedure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning experimenter bias is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The second step in the research method is the making of the empirical observations and measurements.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If A and B are highly correlated, which statement MOST accurately describes the relationship between A and B?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As scientists, psychologists assume that behaviour is governed by some ____________________ order.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A correlation coefficient of zero describes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individuals who think critically do not rely on anecdotal evidence because this type of evidence

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a common methodological flaw to consider when evaluating scientific research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr Desai predicts that if teachers ignore students who act up in class, fewer students will act up in class.Dr Desai's prediction is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

While a(n) is the group of individuals actually observed in a research study, the is the group of individuals that researchers want to generalise or extend their findings to describe.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Inferential statistics are used to inter...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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