Question 1

The results of backward conditioning experiments demonstrate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Backward conditioning results in inhibition of conditioned responding.
B)  Backward conditioning results in excitation of conditioned responding.
C)  The factors that determine the outcome of backward conditioning may depend on factors other than the CS being a good signal for the onset of the US.
D)  Simultaneous and backward conditioning procedures are similar.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following is not a bidirectional response system?

Accepted Answer

A)  taste preferences
B)  heart rates
C)  rabbit eyeblinks
D)  temperaturesE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Pavlov's study of classical conditioning began as an extension of his work on

Accepted Answer

A)  digestion.
B)  pain.
C)  the auditory system.
D)  the knee-jerk reflex.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

In negative CS-US contingency procedures of conditioned inhibition, what serves as the excitatory context?

Accepted Answer

A)  the simultaneously presented CS +
B)  the CS -
C)  the background cues
D)  all of the aboveE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

The rationale for the retardation of acquisition test is found in which of the following choices?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rate of acquisition of an excitatory CR should be retarded if the CS is a conditioned inhibitor.
B)  The rate of acquisition of an excitatory UR should be retarded if the CS is a conditioned inhibitor.
C)  The rate of acquisition of an excitatory CR should be facilitated if the CS is a conditioned inhibitor.
D)  The rate of acquisition of an excitatory UR should be facilitated if the CS is a conditioned inhibitor.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

One group of rats receives a standard CS-US pairing on each trial.A second group of rats receives CS and US presentations at varying times and intervals such that the total number of CS and US exposures is equal to that of the first group.The second group is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a random control group
B)  a sensitization group
C)  a pseudo-conditioning group
D)  an explicitly unpaired control groupE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

The most successful control procedure in classical conditioning is

Accepted Answer

A)  pseudo-conditioning.
B)  sensitization.
C)  random control.
D)  explicitly unpaired control.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Describe the use of classical conditioning in two experimental situations.Identify the conditional stimulus and unconditional stimulus in each situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the use of classical conditioning in...

Question 9

Object learning involves making an association between which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  any two naturally occurring stimuli
B)  the same feature of two objects
C)  different features of the same object
D)  an arbitrary stimulus and a biologically relevant stimulusE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

To conclude that an association has been established in a classical conditioning experiment, one must ensure which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  that the subject responds every time the CS is presented
B)  that the subject responds every time the US is presented
C)  that changes in behavior are due to the US presentation
D)  that changes in behavior are not due to prior separate presentations of the CS and USE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

How does classical conditioning contribute to our understanding of causal judgments?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does classical conditioning contribute to our...

Question 12

The interstimulus interval refers to which of the following time periods?

Accepted Answer

A)  between the start of the CS and the end of the US
B)  between the start of the CS and the start of the US
C)  between the end of the CS and the start of the US
D)  between the end of the US and start of the next CSE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

A hungry rat is exposed to a red light, followed by brief access to food.After several such trials, the rat approaches the light bulb when it is illuminated.In this example, the light is

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditional stimulus.
B)  a conditional stimulus.
C)  an unconditional response.
D)  a conditional response.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

The temporal coding hypothesis suggests that a subject will do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  will not learn CS-US associations
B)  will learn CS-US associations and learn when the US occurs in relation to the CS
C)  will learn temporal relations only in short-delay situations, accounting for the strong conditioning that occurs in this procedure
D)  will learn temporal relations only in long-delay situations, accounting for the one trial learning seen in taste- aversion conditioningE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Describe the interplay of elicited and classically conditioned behaviors that is necessary in successful nursing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the interplay of elicited and classically...

Question 16

Describe two procedures to measure conditioned inhibition and note the circumstance in which each procedure would be used.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two procedures to measure conditioned inhibition...

Question 17

Surveys of human eating behavior suggest which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  If you know that a food did not cause your illness, you will not form a taste aversion.
B)  Even if you are certain that a food did not cause your illness, you may develop an aversion to the taste of that food.
C)  If you are made aware of the mechanisms of taste aversion conditioning, your behavior becomes more rational.
D)  It usually takes more than one exposure to an illness-producing food for an aversion to develop in humans.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the "trace interval" in trace conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  the time between the start of the CS and the end of the US
B)  the time between the start of the CS and the start of the US
C)  the time between the end of the CS and the end of the US
D)  the time between the end of the CS and the start of the USE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Pigeons will approach a CS associated with food delivery.They withdraw from a CS that signals the absence of food.This is evidence that sign-tracking is

Accepted Answer

A)  a bi-directional response system.
B)  a compound stimulus system.
C)  an inhibitory system.
D)  an excitatory system.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

The difficulty in investigating inhibitory conditioning of rabbit eyeblink responses is that

Accepted Answer

A)  eyeblink in rabbits is a bidirectional response.
B)  there are low baseline levels of eyeblinking in rabbits.
C)  eyeblink is excitatory.
D)  eyeblink is already inhibitory.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 3: Classical Conditioning

Describe two procedures to measure conditioned inhibition and note the circumstance in which each procedure would be used.

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Which of the following is not a bidirectional response system?

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The difficulty in investigating inhibitory conditioning of rabbit eyeblink responses is that

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The most successful control procedure in classical conditioning is

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The interstimulus interval refers to which of the following time periods?

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A hungry rat is exposed to a red light, followed by brief access to food.After several such trials, the rat approaches the light bulb when it is illuminated.In this example, the light is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To conclude that an association has been established in a classical conditioning experiment, one must ensure which of the following?

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The rationale for the retardation of acquisition test is found in which of the following choices?

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Describe the interplay of elicited and classically conditioned behaviors that is necessary in successful nursing.

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The temporal coding hypothesis suggests that a subject will do which of the following?

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Object learning involves making an association between which of the following?

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In negative CS-US contingency procedures of conditioned inhibition, what serves as the excitatory context?

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One group of rats receives a standard CS-US pairing on each trial.A second group of rats receives CS and US presentations at varying times and intervals such that the total number of CS and US exposures is equal to that of the first group.The second group is which of the following?

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Surveys of human eating behavior suggest which of the following?

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How does classical conditioning contribute to our understanding of causal judgments?

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Describe the use of classical conditioning in two experimental situations.Identify the conditional stimulus and unconditional stimulus in each situation.

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Pavlov's study of classical conditioning began as an extension of his work on

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Pigeons will approach a CS associated with food delivery.They withdraw from a CS that signals the absence of food.This is evidence that sign-tracking is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The results of backward conditioning experiments demonstrate which of the following?

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Which of the following best describes the "trace interval" in trace conditioning?

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