Question 1

The configural-cue approach asserts that the overshadowing effect is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the type of instrumental response required.
B)  the ease with which one of the stimuli can be conditioned.
C)  the type of reinforcer delivered.
D)  the generalization decrement from training to test trials.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Describe the phenomenon of overshadowing and describe how it may be explained by elemental and configural approaches to stimulus control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the phenomenon of overshadowing and describe...

Question 3

A pigeon is trained to peck in the presence of a 500 nm wavelength light and is not reinforced for pecking in the presence of a 510 nm wavelength light.After training, most performance will be demonstrated in response to a

Accepted Answer

A)  400 nm light.
B)  490 nm light.
C)  500 nm light.
D)  505 nm light.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following pairs of stimuli is least likely to result in a peak-shift effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  S+ = red light: S- = yellow light
B)  S+ = 900 Hz tone: S- = 990 Hz tone
C)  S+ = 90 degree line: S- = 45 degree line
D)  S+ = red square: S- = blue triangleE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

If a researcher is interested in determining with rat subjects whether the effects of alcohol are similar to the effect of opiates, she could use a procedure employing

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination training using interoceptive cues.
B)  discrimination training using transfer cues.
C)  salience training using drug cues.
D)  salience training using non-drug cues.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following is not true of Spence's theory as applied to the peak shift phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an absolute stimulus learning model basing behavior on the net excitatory properties of individual stimuli.
B)  It assumes that organisms learn to respond to a stimulus based on the relation of that stimulus to other cues ᵖʳᵉˢᵉⁿᵗ.
C)  It predicts the peak shift phenomenon will only occur when the excitatory and inhibitory generalization gradients overlap.
D)  The excitatory and inhibitory stimulus generalization gradients do not depend on one another.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

When pigeons are trained to earn access to food in the presence of a combined light/tone stimulus, the  is most likely to control the instrumental behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  light
B)  tone
C)  combined light/tone stimulus
D)  Stimulus control is likely to vary widely across individuals.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following stimuli could be used in an intradimensional discrimination procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  S+ = bright red light: S- = no light
B)  S+ = bright red light: S- = bright yellow light
C)  S+ = bright red light: S- = tone
D)  S+ = bright red light: S- = white key light with black barE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

After eating a foot-long spicy chili dog at the homecoming game, your friend becomes violently ill.Now he cannot stand to eat chili, but still loves hot dogs.His ability to eat hot dogs was likely spared because of

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination training.
B)  stimulus generalization.
C)  overshadowing.
D)  contextual conditioning.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Suppose you want your goldfish to swim to the top of the tank only when you shine a red light, and no other color, into the water.Assuming the fish can see most colors, to condition the fish you should

Accepted Answer

A)  train it only with the red light.
B)  use red, blue, and yellow lights, and only reward the fish for swimming to the surface when the red light is used.
C)  use red, orange, and purple lights, and only reward the fish for swimming to the surface when the red light is used.
D)  withhold training until the testing phase.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 11

The extent to which an organism learns about a stimulus depends on how easily other stimuli in the environment can become conditioned.This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization.
B)  discrimination.
C)  sensitization.
D)  overshadowing.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Describe the role of contextual cues in the control of a common human behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the role of contextual cues in...

Question 13

According to Spence's theory of discrimination learning, discrimination training results in

Accepted Answer

A)  only the development of an excitatory generalization gradient around the S+.
B)  the development of an excitatory generalization gradient around the S+, but an inhibitory generalization gradient around the S-.
C)  the development of an excitatory generalization gradient around both the S+ and S-.
D)  only the development of an excitatory generalization gradient around the S-.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Context is an important determinant of learned behavior performance

Accepted Answer

A)  only when the contingency requires the subject to attend to the context.
B)  when the context is more than background cues.
C)  only when the context serves as a discriminative stimulus.
D)  even when it is truly background.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

When the S+ and S- differ only in terms of one stimulus feature, the training procedure is called

Accepted Answer

A)  intradimensional discrimination.
B)  interdimensional discrimination.
C)  extradimensional discrimination.
D)  hypodimensional discrimination.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following is not true of a modulator?

Accepted Answer

A)  A modulator signals a CS-US relationship.
B)  When a modulator is presented alone, the facilitory properties gradually extinguish.
C)  A stimulus can be a modulator without itself eliciting visible conditioned responding.
D)  The effects of a modulator can transfer to new target CSs.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Describe two changes that take place at the level of the synapse in long-term potentiation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two changes that take place at...

Question 18

A flat stimulus generalization gradient indicates that subjects are

Accepted Answer

A)  not responding to conditioning.
B)  responding similarly to several stimuli.
C)  responding mostly but not exclusively to the test stimulus.
D)  responding only to the test stimulus.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

You are attempting to train your dog to sit.Every time you say the word sit and raise your hand, a friend pushes the dog into a sitting position.After a week of training, your dog sits when you speak the command, but still does nothing when you raise your hand.There may be a problem with in this training.

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization
B)  overshadowing
C)  discrimination
D)  contextE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 20

In driving school, you are reinforced for driving into an intersection when the light is green, but not reinforced when the light is red.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a stimulus discrimination procedure.
B)  a stimulus generalization procedure.
C)  the peak-shift phenomenon.
D)  the configural-cue approach.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 8: Stimulus Control of Behavior

Describe the role of contextual cues in the control of a common human behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

When the S+ and S- differ only in terms of one stimulus feature, the training procedure is called

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following pairs of stimuli is least likely to result in a peak-shift effect?

Correct Answer
verified

A pigeon is trained to peck in the presence of a 500 nm wavelength light and is not reinforced for pecking in the presence of a 510 nm wavelength light.After training, most performance will be demonstrated in response to a

Correct Answer
verified

After eating a foot-long spicy chili dog at the homecoming game, your friend becomes violently ill.Now he cannot stand to eat chili, but still loves hot dogs.His ability to eat hot dogs was likely spared because of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true of Spence's theory as applied to the peak shift phenomenon?

Correct Answer
verified

When pigeons are trained to earn access to food in the presence of a combined light/tone stimulus, the is most likely to control the instrumental behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

If a researcher is interested in determining with rat subjects whether the effects of alcohol are similar to the effect of opiates, she could use a procedure employing

Correct Answer
verified

According to Spence's theory of discrimination learning, discrimination training results in

Correct Answer
verified

The extent to which an organism learns about a stimulus depends on how easily other stimuli in the environment can become conditioned.This phenomenon is called

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true of a modulator?

Correct Answer
verified

In driving school, you are reinforced for driving into an intersection when the light is green, but not reinforced when the light is red.This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the phenomenon of overshadowing and describe how it may be explained by elemental and configural approaches to stimulus control.

Correct Answer
verified

Describe two changes that take place at the level of the synapse in long-term potentiation.

Correct Answer
verified

Context is an important determinant of learned behavior performance

Correct Answer
verified

A flat stimulus generalization gradient indicates that subjects are

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following stimuli could be used in an intradimensional discrimination procedure?

Correct Answer
verified

The configural-cue approach asserts that the overshadowing effect is due to

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose you want your goldfish to swim to the top of the tank only when you shine a red light, and no other color, into the water.Assuming the fish can see most colors, to condition the fish you should

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Stimulus Control of Behavior

Describe the role of contextual cues in the control of a common human behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the S+ and S- differ only in terms of one stimulus feature, the training procedure is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs of stimuli is least likely to result in a peak-shift effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pigeon is trained to peck in the presence of a 500 nm wavelength light and is not reinforced for pecking in the presence of a 510 nm wavelength light.After training, most performance will be demonstrated in response to a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After eating a foot-long spicy chili dog at the homecoming game, your friend becomes violently ill.Now he cannot stand to eat chili, but still loves hot dogs.His ability to eat hot dogs was likely spared because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of Spence's theory as applied to the peak shift phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When pigeons are trained to earn access to food in the presence of a combined light/tone stimulus, the is most likely to control the instrumental behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a researcher is interested in determining with rat subjects whether the effects of alcohol are similar to the effect of opiates, she could use a procedure employing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Spence's theory of discrimination learning, discrimination training results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The extent to which an organism learns about a stimulus depends on how easily other stimuli in the environment can become conditioned.This phenomenon is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of a modulator?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In driving school, you are reinforced for driving into an intersection when the light is green, but not reinforced when the light is red.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the phenomenon of overshadowing and describe how it may be explained by elemental and configural approaches to stimulus control.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe two changes that take place at the level of the synapse in long-term potentiation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Context is an important determinant of learned behavior performance

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A flat stimulus generalization gradient indicates that subjects are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following stimuli could be used in an intradimensional discrimination procedure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The configural-cue approach asserts that the overshadowing effect is due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose you want your goldfish to swim to the top of the tank only when you shine a red light, and no other color, into the water.Assuming the fish can see most colors, to condition the fish you should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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