Question 1

A dose of 10 Gy given to a patient in 5 doses of 2 Gy per day is a ____________ dose.

Accepted Answer

A)   protracted
B)   fractionated
C)   diagnostic
D)   fatalE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Tissues that are ____________ with a _______ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

Accepted Answer

A)   immature, low
B)   immature, high
C)   mature, low
D)   mature, highE) B) and D)
F) B) and C) B

Question 3

Radiation induced genetic damage follows a ___________________ dose-response relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)   linear-nonthreshold
B)   linear-threshold
C)   nonlinear-nonthreshold
D)   nonlinear-thresholdE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 4

A protracted dose of radiation is given _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   over a long period of time
B)   all at one short exposure
C)   in a series of separate doses
D)   in two large dosesE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Humans are most radiosensitive during ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   fetal stages
B)   infancy
C)   adulthood
D)   old ageE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Human cells cannot recover from radiation damage after there is ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cellular repair
B)   cellular repopulation
C)   interphase death
D)   sublethal damageE) None of the above
F) B) and C) C

Question 7

The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   radiosensitizing
B)   hormesis
C)   radioprotection
D)   protractionE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

The RBE of diagnostic x-rays is equal to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   20
B)   10
C)   5
D)   1E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Tissue is _______ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _________ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)   less, equally
B)   less, more
C)   more, less
D)   more, equallyE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

The LET of diagnostic x-rays is _____ keV/mm.

Accepted Answer

A)   0.2
B)   0.3
C)   3.0
D)   50E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

If a response to radiation is expected, no matter how small the dose, then that dose-response is _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   linear
B)   nonlinear
C)   nonthreshold
D)   thresholdE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Fractionation and protraction are used for radiation therapy because they allow the patient to ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   recover between doses
B)   have higher total doses
C)   repair damaged tissues
D)   All of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Which dose-response relationship can follow a sigmoid curve?

Accepted Answer

A)   Linear-nonthreshold
B)   Linear-threshold
C)   Nonlinear-nonthreshold
D)   Nonlinear-thresholdE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

_________ is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)   LET
B)   RBE
C)   MeV
D)   OERE) None of the above
F) C) and D) A

Question 15

The human dose-response relationship at low ranges of radiation is calculated using _______________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   known responses from low doses
B)   extrapolation from high ranges
C)   human experiments
D)   All of the aboveE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Studies of the effects of radiation show that low doses may ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulate the immune system
B)   extend the life span
C)   stimulate hormonal responses
D)   All of the aboveE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

As LET ____________, the RBE ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases, remains the same
B)   decreases, remains the same
C)   increases, increases
D)   increases, decreasesE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 18

The human application of radioprotective agents would _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   double radiation damage
B)   be fatally toxic
C)   reduce radiation effects by half
D)   reduce radiation effects by one fourthE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

The law of __________________ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)   Watson and Crick
B)   Roentgen and Plank
C)   Hurter and Driffield
D)   Bergonie and TribondeauE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

A _________ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received.

Accepted Answer

A)   linear
B)   nonlinear
C)   curvilinear
D)   non-thresholdE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 30: Fundamental Principles of Radiobiology

A dose of 10 Gy given to a patient in 5 doses of 2 Gy per day is a ____________ dose.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tissues that are ____________ with a _______ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Radiation induced genetic damage follows a ___________________ dose-response relationship.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A protracted dose of radiation is given _______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans are most radiosensitive during ________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human cells cannot recover from radiation damage after there is ________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The RBE of diagnostic x-rays is equal to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tissue is _______ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _________ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The LET of diagnostic x-rays is _____ keV/mm.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a response to radiation is expected, no matter how small the dose, then that dose-response is _________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fractionation and protraction are used for radiation therapy because they allow the patient to ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which dose-response relationship can follow a sigmoid curve?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_________ is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The human dose-response relationship at low ranges of radiation is calculated using _______________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of the effects of radiation show that low doses may ________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As LET ____________, the RBE ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The human application of radioprotective agents would _____________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The law of __________________ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _________ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Tissues that are ______ with a _ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

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B

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C

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Tissue is _ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and ___ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

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A

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As LET , the RBE __.

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