Question 1

One of the most common mistakes people make with pets (especially dogs) is hitting them if they do not come when called. Thus, "calling" the animal becomes associated with fear and withdrawal as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus.
B)  conditioned response.
C)  unconditioned stimulus.
D)  unconditioned response.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

A parent is trying to increase the time his child spends studying by giving the child a baseball card for each hour he studies. The child does not increase or decrease his study time. This story illustrates the difference between

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping and response chaining.
B)  rewards and reinforcers.
C)  rewards and punishments.
D)  conditioned and unconditioned responses.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

A child calls his dog "Spot" but does not call other dogs this name even if they look like his dog. The child is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  operant stimulus discrimination.
B)  the power of delayed reinforcement.
C)  classical conditioning.
D)  operant stimulus generalization.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Theresa has a phobia of insects and is undergoing a therapeutic technique in which she will be gradually exposed to the phobic stimuli of insects while she remains calm and relaxed. This therapeutic technique is called __________.

Accepted Answer

systematic...

Question 5

In classical conditioning, the most important aspects for the learning to take place are the

Accepted Answer

A)  antecedents.
B)  consequences.
C)  latent reflexes.
D)  punishers.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

When Mark took some of his little brother's toys, his parents reprimanded him and then rewarded him for playing cooperatively with his brother and for sharing his toys with his brother. Mark's parents are using

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  avoidance learning.
C)  counterconditioning.
D)  latent learning.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Ms. Reed's emotional reaction to her ordeal of being trapped in an elevator for several hours has generalized to a fear of all enclosed spaces. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  operant response.
B)  instrumental response.
C)  a phobia.
D)  a desensitization.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Learning from written language is unique to humans and is a more complex form of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning.
B)  associative learning.
C)  cognitive learning.
D)  operant conditioning.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

What effect does negative reinforcement have on a person's responding?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases it
B)  decreases it
C)  completely extinguishes it
D)  makes responding more unpleasantE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 10

B.F. Skinner is known for studying

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning.
B)  vicarious conditioning.
C)  latent learning.
D)  operant conditioning.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Information returned to a person about the effects of a particular response is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive branching.
B)  negative reinforcement.
C)  primary reinforcement.
D)  feedback.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

The type of learning that involves higher mental processes, such as understanding, knowing, or anticipating is called __________ learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of learning that involves higher...

Question 13

Every time Lisa's dog heard the sound of the electric can opener he began to salivate because he associated the sound with the food. In this example, the sound of the can opener is a

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response (CR) .
B)  unconditioned response (UR) .
C)  conditioned stimulus (CS) .
D)  unconditioned stimulus (US) .E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Jimmy helps his father put away the dishes after dinner. If Jimmy's father wants to increase the probability of this behavior, he will be most successful by praising Jimmy

Accepted Answer

A)  right after all the dishes are put away.
B)  at bedtime.
C)  the next morning at breakfast.
D)  the next time that some dishes need to be put away.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Acquiring a fear of thunder by watching your parents react to it in a fearful way illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious classical conditioning.
B)  instrumental conditioning.
C)  response chaining.
D)  vicarious withdrawal.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

In North America, Edward Thorndike discovered what is today called __________ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious
B)  operant
C)  classical
D)  cognitiveE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

A child watches other children wince with pain as they receive hypodermic injections. Although the child has never received an injection, he responds emotionally when a needle is brought near him. His reaction is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning.
B)  spontaneous recovery of fear.
C)  simple classical conditioning.
D)  vicarious classical conditioning.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

A child learns to be afraid of spiders by observing his parents' highly emotional and negative response to them. This demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery.
B)  higher-order conditioning.
C)  vicarious classical conditioning.
D)  stimulus generalization.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process through which a response is...

Question 20

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mike visited a cattle farm and touched an electric fence.
B)  Sam reached across the table to get the salt and had his hand slapped by his mother.
C)  Tuan was being the class clown and was scolded by the teacher for disrupting class.
D)  Armin was fighting with his brother, so his mother took away his video game.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

B.F. Skinner is known for studying

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Theresa has a phobia of insects and is undergoing a therapeutic technique in which she will be gradually exposed to the phobic stimuli of insects while she remains calm and relaxed. This therapeutic technique is called __________.

Correct Answerverifiedsystematic...View AnswerShow Answer

In classical conditioning, the most important aspects for the learning to take place are the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is referred to as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of learning that involves higher mental processes, such as understanding, knowing, or anticipating is called __________ learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the most common mistakes people make with pets (especially dogs) is hitting them if they do not come when called. Thus, "calling" the animal becomes associated with fear and withdrawal as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acquiring a fear of thunder by watching your parents react to it in a fearful way illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ms. Reed's emotional reaction to her ordeal of being trapped in an elevator for several hours has generalized to a fear of all enclosed spaces. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child watches other children wince with pain as they receive hypodermic injections. Although the child has never received an injection, he responds emotionally when a needle is brought near him. His reaction is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What effect does negative reinforcement have on a person's responding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child learns to be afraid of spiders by observing his parents' highly emotional and negative response to them. This demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Every time Lisa's dog heard the sound of the electric can opener he began to salivate because he associated the sound with the food. In this example, the sound of the can opener is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jimmy helps his father put away the dishes after dinner. If Jimmy's father wants to increase the probability of this behavior, he will be most successful by praising Jimmy

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Mark took some of his little brother's toys, his parents reprimanded him and then rewarded him for playing cooperatively with his brother and for sharing his toys with his brother. Mark's parents are using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Information returned to a person about the effects of a particular response is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A parent is trying to increase the time his child spends studying by giving the child a baseball card for each hour he studies. The child does not increase or decrease his study time. This story illustrates the difference between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In North America, Edward Thorndike discovered what is today called __________ conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning from written language is unique to humans and is a more complex form of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child calls his dog "Spot" but does not call other dogs this name even if they look like his dog. The child is demonstrating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
systematic...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified