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People tend to favor internal attributions when explaining others' behavior because


A) it is the fairest method.
B) it is easy.
C) people are naturally suspicious of others.
D) it was once favorable to survival of the species.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Persuasion is MOST likely to be successful when the source of the persuasive communication ​


A) is perceived as trustworthy.
B) will personally benefit from changing the receiver's attitudes.
C) is perceived as highly ingratiating.
D) is highly dissimilar to the receiver.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Wallace and colleagues found the average correlation between attitudes and behavior to be about


A) .23.
B) .41.
C) .75.
D) .92.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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James watches as a customer with at least 40 items lines up at his express checkout line. He decides the customer must be a real "idiot" to miss the sign that indicates James's checkout line is an express line with a limit of 10 items. James's attribution for the cause of the customer's behavior is consistent with


A) the fundamental attribution error.
B) drawing an illusory correlation.
C) a self-serving bias.
D) a defensive attribution.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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A small public relations firm has four employees who are all opposed to the death penalty (anti-death penalty) . Which of the following employees would be MOST likely to change his attitude concerning the death penalty?


A) Aaron, who writes a brief anti-death penalty piece as a favor for a friend
B) Bruce, who writes a brief anti-death penalty piece for a client and is paid
C) Clark, who writes a brief pro-death penalty piece as a favor for a friend
D) Dale, who writes a brief pro-death penalty piece for a client and is paid

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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At the end of the Stanford Prison Simulation, Zimbardo concluded that _____ can lead normal, decent people to engage in sinister ways.

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situationa...

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Rita believes that racial prejudice is wrong, but she also possesses subtle negative views about other races. Rita's negative views make up her _____ attitudes.


A) implicit
B) explicit
C) defined
D) peripheral

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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You believe that short men have a tendency to be insecure. The concept of illusory correlation implies that you will


A) overestimate the frequency of insecure short men.
B) underestimate the frequency of insecure short men.
C) accurately estimate the frequency of insecure short men.
D) falsely assume that tall men are naturally secure.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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People who are physically attractive are viewed as _____ than less attractive people.


A) more conceited and insecure and less competent
B) more sociable and poised and less competent
C) more friendly, well adjusted, and competent
D) more arrogant, insecure, and competent

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Sally and Neil have been married for 15 years. They have an extremely warm and trusting relationship, and even though Neil frequently travels on business, Sally never worries about him seeing other women. Sally and Neil share _____ love.


A) reciprocal
B) companionate
C) passionate
D) consummate

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Although physical attractiveness strongly influences interpersonal attraction, many individuals of average and below average attractiveness are involved in long-term relationships. This apparent paradox is BEST explained by the _____ hypothesis.


A) similarity
B) matching
C) companionate love
D) least common denominator

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes is referred to as ​


A) hedonism.
B) dispositional attributional bias.
C) egocentrism.
D) individualism.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Virginia has a favorable attitude toward aerobics and working out. Just the thought of her daily workout is enough to make Virginia feel good, and she finds that when she is at the gym she feels much more relaxed and much less stressed. These emotional responses form part of the _____ component of Virginia's attitude toward working out.


A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) physiological
D) affective

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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When the causes of a person's behavior are attributed to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings, it is a(n) _____ attribution.


A) external
B) internal
C) stable
D) unstable

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behavior, and their own behavior are called _____.

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When the jury entered the jury room, most of the members thought that the defendant in the case was probably innocent, but some weren't certain. After discussing the case for four hours, all 12 jurors are now firmly convinced that the defendant did not commit the crime. The strengthening of the jurors' opinions following the group discussion is consistent with which of the following processes?


A) Groupthink
B) The bystander effect
C) Reciprocity
D) Group polarization

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements concerning cultural variations regarding marriage relationships is NOT accurate?


A) Arranged marriages are common in collectivist societies.
B) Cultures vary in the emphasis placed on passionate love.
C) Cultures are often similar in what traits people look for in a potential mate.
D) People from collectivist societies report that romantic love is very important in marriage.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The application of classical conditioning principles is MOST directly associated with the _____ component of attitudes.


A) affective
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) perceptual

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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When people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen, they have


A) created a stereotype.
B) made an illusory correlation.
C) made a covariation inference.
D) created a social schema.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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In which of the following situations is it MOST likely that a decision will be made to spend more money than budget guidelines suggest to hire "great entertainment" for an end-of-the-year banquet for an organization?


A) When it is an individual decision by someone who is leaning toward hiring great entertainment
B) When it is a group decision, and group members are leaning toward hiring great entertainment
C) When it is an individual decision by someone who is leaning toward staying within the budget
D) When it is a group decision, and group members are leaning toward staying within the budget

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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