Question 1

When Luis was a child, he really liked the smell of the rose-scented perfume his mother used to wear. He came to associate that scent with snuggles and hugs from his mom. As an adult, Luis likes any floral scent, including the smell of lilacs and wildflowers. This example illustrates the classical conditioning process of ​

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization.
B)  stimulus discrimination.
C)  preparedness.
D)  spontaneous recovery.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

If you perform a behavior designed to prevent an unpleasant event from happening, your behavior is classified as  a(n)  _____ response.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary
B)  classically conditioned
C)  avoidance
D)  escapeE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

A political candidate uses a negative campaign commercial in which the candidate's opponent is shown alongside a negative image of an angry mob. The intent of the commercial is to cause voters to ​

Accepted Answer

A)  have an accurate contrast between the candidate and the opponent.
B)  realize the opponent was the individual who angered the mob in the first place.
C)  associate the opponent with a negative emotional response.
D)  associate positive emotional responses with the candidate who sponsored the commercial.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

_____ conditioning is a form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ conditioning is a form of learning...

Question 5

As a young child, when you first realized that you could use money to buy candy and soda, money became an effective _____ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary
B)  primary
C)  operant
D)  classicalE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

According to Rescorla, the single best way to ensure a strong CR is to arrange that the CS ​

Accepted Answer

A)  remains constantly present throughout training.
B)  be one that is well above the absolute threshold of the animal being trained.
C)  sometimes occurs when the US is not present.
D)  is the most predictive signal for the US.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Mary takes a course in which she is tested every two weeks. Her studying falls off right after a test, followed by a gradual increase to a rapid rate of studying as the next test approaches. Her studying conforms to the typical pattern of responding maintained on _____ schedules.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio
B)  variable-ratio
C)  fixed-interval
D)  variable-intervalE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Assuming the reinforcer is the sound of the rattle, a baby's response of shaking a rattle is reinforced according to which of the following types of schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continuous reinforcement
B)  F ixed-interval
C)  Variable-interval
D)  Variable-ratioE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

In order to weaken or eliminate a conditioned response, you would present ​

Accepted Answer

A)  the US before the CS several times.
B)  the CS alone several times.
C)  the US alone several times.
D)  extra pairings of the CS and US.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of ​

Accepted Answer

A)  escape learning.
B)  avoidance learning.
C)  an unconditioned response.
D)  positive reinforcement.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Species-specific predispositions to be conditioned in certain ways and not in other ways is known as ​

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus discrimination.
B)  aversion conditioning.
C)  compensatory conditioning.
D)  preparedness.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

The basic principles of gradual acquisition, extinction, stimulus generalization, and discrimination apply ​

Accepted Answer

A)  to both classical and operant conditioning.
B)  only to classical conditioning.
C)  only to operant conditioning.
D)  to learning by animals, but not to learning by people.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

When personal likes and dislikes are acquired through processes of classical conditioning, the learning is referred to as ​

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluative conditioning.
B)  higher-order conditioning.
C)  positive reinforcement.
D)  vicarious learning.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

_____ refers to the initial stage of learning something.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ refers to the initial stage of...

Question 15

Primary reinforcers are effective because ​

Accepted Answer

A)  they satisfy basic biological survival needs.
B)  we inherently want approval for our actions.
C)  they have been associated with secondary reinforcers and have become reinforcing.
D)  the organism has learned to want them.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to ​

Accepted Answer

A)  sing a song. ​
B)  tie shoe laces.
C)  print letters.
D)  fear the dark.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Bart used to go to his health club every day after work because he almost always saw Abigail there. For two full weeks, Abigail wasn't at the club when Bart went there for his workout, and now Bart has stopped going to his health club. This example illustrates the operant conditioning process of

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction.
B)  punishment.
C)  avoidance.
D)  resistance.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment. ​

Accepted Answer

Skinner's principle of reinforcement hol...

Question 19

You are watching a pigeon pecking a disk in a small chamber. A cumulative recorder is connected to the disk. While you are watching, the pigeon is pecking at a slow, steady rate. Based on this information, you can predict that the line on the cumulative recorder will have a _____ slope.

Accepted Answer

A)  steep, upward
B)  shallow, upward
C)  shallow, downward
D)  steep, downwardE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  unlearned reaction to a stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning.
B)  learned reaction to a stimulus that occurs as a result of previous conditioning.
C)  stimulus that evokes a response without previous conditioning.
D)  previously neutral stimulus that has acquired the capacity to evoke a learned response.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Exam 6: Learning

According to Rescorla, the single best way to ensure a strong CR is to arrange that the CS

Correct Answer
verified

As a young child, when you first realized that you could use money to buy candy and soda, money became an effective _____ reinforcer.

Correct Answer
verified

You are watching a pigeon pecking a disk in a small chamber. A cumulative recorder is connected to the disk. While you are watching, the pigeon is pecking at a slow, steady rate. Based on this information, you can predict that the line on the cumulative recorder will have a _____ slope.

Correct Answer
verified

A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Assuming the reinforcer is the sound of the rattle, a baby's response of shaking a rattle is reinforced according to which of the following types of schedule?

Correct Answer
verified

Clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment.

Correct Answer
verified
Skinner's principle of reinforcement hol...
View Answer

In order to weaken or eliminate a conditioned response, you would present

Correct Answer
verified

The basic principles of gradual acquisition, extinction, stimulus generalization, and discrimination apply

Correct Answer
verified

If you perform a behavior designed to prevent an unpleasant event from happening, your behavior is classified as a(n) _____ response.

Correct Answer
verified

Species-specific predispositions to be conditioned in certain ways and not in other ways is known as

Correct Answer
verified

_____ refers to the initial stage of learning something.

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Correct Answer
verified

Bart used to go to his health club every day after work because he almost always saw Abigail there. For two full weeks, Abigail wasn't at the club when Bart went there for his workout, and now Bart has stopped going to his health club. This example illustrates the operant conditioning process of

Correct Answer
verified

A political candidate uses a negative campaign commercial in which the candidate's opponent is shown alongside a negative image of an angry mob. The intent of the commercial is to cause voters to

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

_____ conditioning is a form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences.

Correct Answer
verified

When personal likes and dislikes are acquired through processes of classical conditioning, the learning is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Mary takes a course in which she is tested every two weeks. Her studying falls off right after a test, followed by a gradual increase to a rapid rate of studying as the next test approaches. Her studying conforms to the typical pattern of responding maintained on _____ schedules.

Correct Answer
verified

Primary reinforcers are effective because

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Learning

According to Rescorla, the single best way to ensure a strong CR is to arrange that the CS ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a young child, when you first realized that you could use money to buy candy and soda, money became an effective _____ reinforcer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are watching a pigeon pecking a disk in a small chamber. A cumulative recorder is connected to the disk. While you are watching, the pigeon is pecking at a slow, steady rate. Based on this information, you can predict that the line on the cumulative recorder will have a _____ slope.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assuming the reinforcer is the sound of the rattle, a baby's response of shaking a rattle is reinforced according to which of the following types of schedule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment. ​

Correct AnswerverifiedSkinner's principle of reinforcement hol...View AnswerShow Answer

In order to weaken or eliminate a conditioned response, you would present ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basic principles of gradual acquisition, extinction, stimulus generalization, and discrimination apply ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you perform a behavior designed to prevent an unpleasant event from happening, your behavior is classified as a(n) _____ response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Species-specific predispositions to be conditioned in certain ways and not in other ways is known as ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ refers to the initial stage of learning something.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bart used to go to his health club every day after work because he almost always saw Abigail there. For two full weeks, Abigail wasn't at the club when Bart went there for his workout, and now Bart has stopped going to his health club. This example illustrates the operant conditioning process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A political candidate uses a negative campaign commercial in which the candidate's opponent is shown alongside a negative image of an angry mob. The intent of the commercial is to cause voters to ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ conditioning is a form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When personal likes and dislikes are acquired through processes of classical conditioning, the learning is referred to as ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary takes a course in which she is tested every two weeks. Her studying falls off right after a test, followed by a gradual increase to a rapid rate of studying as the next test approaches. Her studying conforms to the typical pattern of responding maintained on _____ schedules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Primary reinforcers are effective because ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Rescorla, the single best way to ensure a strong CR is to arrange that the CS

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment.

Correct Answer
verified
Skinner's principle of reinforcement hol...
View Answer

In order to weaken or eliminate a conditioned response, you would present

Correct Answer
verified

The basic principles of gradual acquisition, extinction, stimulus generalization, and discrimination apply

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Species-specific predispositions to be conditioned in certain ways and not in other ways is known as

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A political candidate uses a negative campaign commercial in which the candidate's opponent is shown alongside a negative image of an angry mob. The intent of the commercial is to cause voters to

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When personal likes and dislikes are acquired through processes of classical conditioning, the learning is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Primary reinforcers are effective because

Correct Answer
verified