Question 1

People tend to inaccurately estimate that more deaths occur as a result of tornadoes than from asthma because of

Accepted Answer

A)  the gambler's fallacy.
B)  framing effects.
C)  a tendency to overestimate the improbable.
D)  loss aversion.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

According to dual-process theories of decision making, when complicated or important decisions need to be made, people use _____ strategies.

Accepted Answer

A)  simplistic
B)  fast and frugal
C)  intuitive
D)  rule-governedE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the prototype of that event is termed the _____ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A)  conjunction
B)  availability
C)  representativeness
D)  gambler'sE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

People generally prefer a choice that provides an 80% chance of success over one that provides a 19% chance of failure. This illustrates the effect of

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic.
B)  the representativeness heuristic.
C)  framing.
D)  mental set.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

According to the reaction range model, children ​

Accepted Answer

A)  with average IQ scores will not have very wide reaction ranges.
B)  with average IQ scores are being raised in average-quality environments.
C)  raised in high-quality environments should score near the top of their reaction range.
D)  raised in high-quality environments will have higher IQ scores than children raised in poor-quality environments.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

According to Gardner, a person who is sensitive to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words possesses high _____ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Gardner, a person who is...

Question 7

Richard Nisbett and colleagues (2001) argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n) _____ cognitive style, whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n) _____ cognitive style.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Richard Nisbett and colleagues (2001) argued that...

Question 8

Summarize evidence from research on adoption, environmental deprivation or enrichment, and generational changes in IQ, showing how experience shapes intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Adoption studies show that children show...

Question 9

An estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  heritability ratio.
B)  percentile score.
C)  intelligence quotient.
D)  reaction range.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

One explanation for the link between intelligence and mortality is ​

Accepted Answer

A)  those with lower intelligence tend to have less stressful jobs.
B)  genes cause lower intelligence but better health.
C)  smart people take better care of themselves.
D)  people in higher socioeconomic classes have greater accident risk.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

If a psychological test measures what it was designed to measure, the test has _____. If it also shows measurement consistency, it has _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  standardization; reliability
B)  validity; standardization
C)  validity; reliability
D)  reliability; validityE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

If a child who is 10 years old has a mental age of 12, the child's IQ would be ​

Accepted Answer

A)  80.
B)  100.
C)  120.
D)  140.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Approximately ______ of IQ scores fall between 85 and 115.

Accepted Answer

A)  33%
B)  50%
C)  68%
D)  95%E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following statistical methods is used to determine the reliability of a test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Means
B)  Standard deviations
C)  Percentiles
D)  Correlation coefficientsE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

The incubation effect is thought to occur because ​

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain absorbs new problem-solving strategies during sleep.
B)  people become more logical over time.
C)  newborn babies are excellent problem solvers.
D)  people work on problems at an unconscious level.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised the first intelligence test in 1905 in order to ​

Accepted Answer

A)  predict future life success.
B)  provide support for the belief that intelligence is genetically determined.
C)  provide support for the belief that intelligence is environmentally determined.
D)  predict the school performance of children.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Incorrectly estimating that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone is known as the ​

Accepted Answer

A)  conjunction fallacy.
B)  alternative outcome effect.
C)  gambler's fallacy.
D)  base rate fallacy.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Cultural differences in intelligence are due to the influence of

Accepted Answer

A)  heredity only.
B)  environment only.
C)  both heredity and environment.
D)  neither heredity nor environment.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to ​

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore subjective probabilities when making decisions.
B)  estimate the probability of an event by judging the ease with which relevant instances come to mind.
C)  estimate the probability of an event based on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event.
D)  ignore common stereotypes when estimating probabilities.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire. She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire, the jack, and other tools are stored in the car, remove the flat tire, and install the spare tire. Ashley is approaching the problem by ​

Accepted Answer

A)  forming subgoals.
B)  changing the representation of the problem.
C)  working backward.
D)  searching for analogies.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 8: Cognition and Intelligence

Approximately ______ of IQ scores fall between 85 and 115.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance is known as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the prototype of that event is termed the _____ heuristic.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The incubation effect is thought to occur because ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Richard Nisbett and colleagues (2001) argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n) _____ cognitive style, whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n) _____ cognitive style.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the reaction range model, children ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cultural differences in intelligence are due to the influence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One explanation for the link between intelligence and mortality is ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People tend to inaccurately estimate that more deaths occur as a result of tornadoes than from asthma because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Gardner, a person who is sensitive to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words possesses high _____ intelligence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People generally prefer a choice that provides an 80% chance of success over one that provides a 19% chance of failure. This illustrates the effect of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire. She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire, the jack, and other tools are stored in the car, remove the flat tire, and install the spare tire. Ashley is approaching the problem by ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statistical methods is used to determine the reliability of a test?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize evidence from research on adoption, environmental deprivation or enrichment, and generational changes in IQ, showing how experience shapes intelligence.

Correct AnswerverifiedAdoption studies show that children show...View AnswerShow Answer

If a psychological test measures what it was designed to measure, the test has _____. If it also shows measurement consistency, it has _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a child who is 10 years old has a mental age of 12, the child's IQ would be ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Incorrectly estimating that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone is known as the ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to dual-process theories of decision making, when complicated or important decisions need to be made, people use _____ strategies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised the first intelligence test in 1905 in order to ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to

Correct Answer
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The incubation effect is thought to occur because

Correct Answer
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Richard Nisbett and colleagues (2001) argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n) _ cognitive style, whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n) _ cognitive style.

Correct Answer
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According to the reaction range model, children

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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One explanation for the link between intelligence and mortality is

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire. She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire, the jack, and other tools are stored in the car, remove the flat tire, and install the spare tire. Ashley is approaching the problem by

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Adoption studies show that children show...
View Answer

If a psychological test measures what it was designed to measure, the test has _. If it also shows measurement consistency, it has _.

Correct Answer
verified

If a child who is 10 years old has a mental age of 12, the child's IQ would be

Correct Answer
verified

Incorrectly estimating that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone is known as the

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised the first intelligence test in 1905 in order to

Correct Answer
verified