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Mining Company, a U.S. firm, owns property in Bolivia. The government of Bolivia seizes the property for an illegal purpose without paying just compensation. This is


A) confiscation.
B) the act of state doctrine.
C) the doctrine of sovereign immunity.
D) expropriation.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Sufficient business develops in France for Graphic Comics Inc., a U.S. firm, to appoint Comics Graphique Ltd., a French firm, to act as the U.S. firm's marketing representative in France. This is


A) direct exporting.
B) franchising.
C) indirect exporting.
D) licensing.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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A body of law-formed as a result of international customs, treaties, and organizations-that governs relations among or between nations is


A) space law.
B) universal law.
C) international law.
D) national law.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Retail Operations, Inc., a U.S. firm, obtains a judgment in a U.S. court against Shinobu, Ltd., a Japanese business. Whether the court's judgment will be enforced by a court in Japan depends on the Japanese court's application of


A) the act of state doctrine.
B) the doctrine of sovereign immunity.
C) the principle of comity.
D) the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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The U.S. government does not generally regulate private spaceports and the launch and reentry of private spacecraft.

A) True
B) False

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Sugar Company, a U.S. firm, owns property in Trinidad and Tobago. When the foreign government seizes the property, the company asks a U.S. court to order the property's return. The court rules that the Trinidad and Tobago is exempt from the court's jurisdiction. This is an application of


A) a coercive action.
B) the act of state doctrine.
C) the doctrine of sovereign immunity.
D) the principle of comity.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Mexico is likely to defer and give effect to the laws and judicial decrees of the United States as long as


A) the laws and decrees are consistent with Mexican law and public policy.
B) smaller countries fear and are intimidated by more powerful nations.
C) poorer countries admire and envy richer nations.
D) all of the choices.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Wei Ltd., a Chinese firm, imports its goods into the United States and offers those goods for sale at "less than fair value." This is


A) confiscation.
B) a trade barrier.
C) dumping.
D) normal trade relations.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Under the principle of comity, a domestic court will not examine the validity of any act committed by a foreign government within the court's jurisdiction.

A) True
B) False

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In direct exporting, a U.S. company sets up a specialized marketing organization in a foreign market by appointing a foreign agent.

A) True
B) False

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A foreign state is immune from the jurisdiction of a U.S. court when the state has engaged in commercial activity only outside the United States.

A) True
B) False

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Sovereign nations agree to be governed by International law to facilitate trade, commerce, and civilized discourse.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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As part of a deal for power-generating equipment, Solar Wind Company and Thermal Gen Ltd. enter into a written contract that includes a clause providing for the arbitration of any dispute in the United States. Under the New York Convention, if a dispute arises, a court will compel arbitration if both parties are


A) not U.S. citizens.
B) U) S. citizens.
C) citizens of non-signatory countries.
D) citizens of countries that are members of the World Trade Organization.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Opti-Med Inc., a U.S. firm, signs a contract with Pharma Ltd., a Canadian firm, to give Pharma the right to sell Opti-Med's products in Canada. This is


A) a distribution agreement.
B) indirect exporting.
C) direct exporting.
D) licensing.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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To prevent the sale of imported goods at less than fair value, an extra tariff-known as an antidumping duty-may be assessed on the imports.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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When a wholly owned subsidiary is established in a foreign country, the parent company, which remains in the United States, gives up ownership, authority, and control of over all phases of the operation in the foreign country.

A) True
B) False

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Regional trade agreements and associations help to minimize trade barriers among nations.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Countries restrict exports to protect national security, further foreign policy objectives, and conserve resources.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Under the Export Trading Company Act, U.S. banks are


A) encouraged to invest in export trading companies.
B) discouraged from granting credit to export trading companies.
C) required to report financial transactions with export trading companies.
D) prohibited from lending funds to export trading companies.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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In a case alleging that a foreign government wrongfully confiscated a domestic firm's property, the foreign government must prove the taking was an expropriation.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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