Question 1

A modified cage containing levers or buttons that can be pressed or pecked by animals and is used to investigate operant conditioning is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A)   puzzle box.
B)   sequential conditioning chamber.
C)   Skinner box.
D)   pigeon chamber.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following statements describes a belief of the early behaviorists?

Accepted Answer

A)   Behavior follows the same general rules across species.
B)   Psychological research should focus on introspection.
C)   Human subjects are preferable to animals because they replicate the complexity of real life.
D)   Not all stimuli can be equally paired to form conditioned associations.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

At dinner Ming Yan eats several familiar foods (pasta, salad, bread)  and an unfamiliar food (deep-fried cheese curds) . Later that evening she suffers abdominal discomfort. She attributes this to the deep-fried cheese curds, but later learns that she had developed a sensitivity to gluten. Her misattribution of the problem to the deep-fried cheese curds is likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)   latent inhibition.
B)   discrimination.
C)   habituation.
D)   sensitization.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Fourth-grade teacher Maria promised her class a pizza party if everyone got an "A" on the next math test. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   associative learning.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   a token economy.
D)   negative reinforcement.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Who is likely to discontinue his or her behavior first if reinforcement completely stops?

Accepted Answer

A)   Penny, who plays the slot machines
B)   Sam, who receives $20 on every Thursday when he mows his neighbor's lawn
C)   Ralph, who is out on his boat fishing for striped bass
D)   Wendy, who repeatedly checks for e-mail while studyingE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

A pig trained by the Brelands to pick up large wooden coins and deposit them in a wooden "piggy bank" learned quickly to do so for food rewards, but eventually

Accepted Answer

A)   reverted to washing the coins instead, in accordance with its natural approach to food.
B)   became too bored with the repetition of the task to continue.
C)   chose to wallow in the mud instead, in order to cool off.
D)   reverted to rooting for the coins instead, in accordance with its natural approach to food.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Kate's 6-year-old son has autism. To help him learn daily tasks, she breaks down activities into their component parts. Tooth brushing, for example, involves several steps that occur in basically the same order each time. Which of the following learning principles would provide the strongest foundation for learning how to brush one's teeth in this context?

Accepted Answer

A)   Shaping
B)   Partial reinforcement
C)   Integrating
D)   ChainingE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Greg, who mainly drank coffee when out with friends, recently quit drinking coffee. However, each time he visits a bar or restaurant with his friends, he has the strong urge to drink a cup of coffee. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   latent inhibition.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   habituation.
D)   observational learning.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Sara allows her dog, Isabel, to run freely at a local dog park. When a truck drives by and its engine backfires loudly, Isabel quickly jumps up on her hind legs and barks loudly. Isabel's response illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   an instinct.
B)   operant conditioning.
C)   sensitization.
D)   a reflex.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   habitual learning.
B)   nonassociative learning.
C)   classical conditioning.
D)   operant conditioning.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Elissa, a college freshman, finds that she is starting to smoke, a habit she never had before. She would like to stop smoking now, before the habit becomes too ingrained, but she really enjoys her few cigarettes each day, particularly with coffee after dinner when she relaxes with her friends. She also enjoys a few cigarettes later in the evening if she gets stressed writing a paper or completing an assignment. 
Using principles of operant conditioning, describe steps that Elissa could take to stop smoking now. Be sure to consider possible reinforcers or punishers that are influencing her current smoking patterns, changes she might make, and appropriate consequences to reinforce new behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The text provides an example of breaking...

Question 12

The reinforcement of a desired behavior on some occasions but not others is called _____ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   fragmented
B)   partial
C)   fractional
D)   incompleteE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

What was a key finding of the Bobo doll experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reprimanding the adult for her aggressive behavior slightly increased the children's aggressive behavior.
B)   Reprimanding the adult for her aggressive behavior did not affect the children's aggressive behavior.
C)   Reprimanding the adult for her aggressive behavior slightly reduced the children's aggressive behavior.
D)   Reprimanding the adult for her aggressive behavior substantially reduced the children's aggressive behavior.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Why does associative learning provide an enormous survival advantage?

Accepted Answer

A)   Organisms are able to instinctively and rapidly respond to threats.
B)   Organisms can comprehend the complex relationship between environment and habitant.
C)   Organisms can predict the future and thus are given time to prepare for future events.
D)   Organisms can change their behaviors and unpredictably protects them from natural enemies.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 15

As Ronnie hears a song on the radio, she feels stressed: her heart races, her hands become clammy, and her breathing becomes rapid. The song is familiar because it was popular at a time when her parents were going through a divorce that caused Ronnie intense anxiety. In this scenario, identify, in order: the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response, and the unconditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A)   Parents fighting; song; anxiety toward parents fighting; anxiety toward song
B)   Parents fighting; anxiety toward parents fighting; song; anxiety toward song
C)   Song; parents fighting; anxiety toward song; anxiety toward parents fighting
D)   Song; anxiety toward song; parents fighting; anxiety toward parents fightingE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Derek is frustrated that his 1½-year-old dog does not let him know when he needs to go outside to urinate. Sometimes he comes home to find a mess near the door. Which training method is most likely to be successful?

Accepted Answer

A)   Derek takes his dog outside on a fixed schedule and gives him a treat when they return to the house, whether he urinated or not.
B)   Derek takes his dog over to the mess, puts the dog's nose near it so he smells it, and tells him "bad dog, don't do this again!"
C)   If Derek comes home and finds a mess by the door, he ignores his dog for an hour.
D)   Derek takes his dog outside on a fixed schedule and promptly gives him a treat for urinating outside.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

As a gate creaks open, Oscar the puppy notices a cat heading into his yard. The cat hisses and scratches Oscar on the nose, causing Oscar to yelp in pain. Which outcome to this scenario portrays discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A)   Now when Oscar sees the cat who scratched his nose he runs away, but he feels comfortable with the cat with whom he shares a home.
B)   Now when Oscar sees a cat or small dog coming toward him, he immediately begins to yelp in pain.
C)   Now whenever Oscar sees a cat, including the cat in his own home, he runs away.
D)   Now when Oscar hears a gate creak, regardless of who is coming through it, he runs away.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 18

What type of learning is most influential in developing and maintaining culture?

Accepted Answer

A)   Classical conditioning
B)   Observational learning
C)   Nonassociative learning
D)   Operant conditioningE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Martha wants to teach her dog Max the command, "Get beer, Max." This involves going to the refrigerator and opening it by pulling on a dishtowel tied to the handle, taking out a can of beer with his mouth, and bringing it to her dinner guest. Which of the following training methods is likely to work best?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chaining and positive reinforcement
B)   Shaping and positive punishment
C)   Chaining and negative punishment
D)   Shaping and negative reinforcementE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

How can extinction be avoided with operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Establish a strong value for a conditioned stimulus.
B)   Introduce variable reinforcement paradigms.
C)   Merge classical conditioning with operant conditioning techniques.
D)   Continuously reinforce a behavior, even after it is learned.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 8: The Adaptive Mind Learning

How can extinction be avoided with operant conditioning?

Correct Answer
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Sara allows her dog, Isabel, to run freely at a local dog park. When a truck drives by and its engine backfires loudly, Isabel quickly jumps up on her hind legs and barks loudly. Isabel's response illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

As a gate creaks open, Oscar the puppy notices a cat heading into his yard. The cat hisses and scratches Oscar on the nose, causing Oscar to yelp in pain. Which outcome to this scenario portrays discrimination?

Correct Answer
verified

What type of learning is most influential in developing and maintaining culture?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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The reinforcement of a desired behavior on some occasions but not others is called _____ reinforcement.

Correct Answer
verified

What was a key finding of the Bobo doll experiment?

Correct Answer
verified

Greg, who mainly drank coffee when out with friends, recently quit drinking coffee. However, each time he visits a bar or restaurant with his friends, he has the strong urge to drink a cup of coffee. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

A modified cage containing levers or buttons that can be pressed or pecked by animals and is used to investigate operant conditioning is referred to as a

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The text provides an example of breaking...
View Answer

Fourth-grade teacher Maria promised her class a pizza party if everyone got an "A" on the next math test. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as

Correct Answer
verified

A pig trained by the Brelands to pick up large wooden coins and deposit them in a wooden "piggy bank" learned quickly to do so for food rewards, but eventually

Correct Answer
verified

Derek is frustrated that his 1½-year-old dog does not let him know when he needs to go outside to urinate. Sometimes he comes home to find a mess near the door. Which training method is most likely to be successful?

Correct Answer
verified

Who is likely to discontinue his or her behavior first if reinforcement completely stops?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements describes a belief of the early behaviorists?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Why does associative learning provide an enormous survival advantage?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: The Adaptive Mind Learning

How can extinction be avoided with operant conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sara allows her dog, Isabel, to run freely at a local dog park. When a truck drives by and its engine backfires loudly, Isabel quickly jumps up on her hind legs and barks loudly. Isabel's response illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a gate creaks open, Oscar the puppy notices a cat heading into his yard. The cat hisses and scratches Oscar on the nose, causing Oscar to yelp in pain. Which outcome to this scenario portrays discrimination?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of learning is most influential in developing and maintaining culture?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reinforcement of a desired behavior on some occasions but not others is called _____ reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was a key finding of the Bobo doll experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Greg, who mainly drank coffee when out with friends, recently quit drinking coffee. However, each time he visits a bar or restaurant with his friends, he has the strong urge to drink a cup of coffee. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A modified cage containing levers or buttons that can be pressed or pecked by animals and is used to investigate operant conditioning is referred to as a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThe text provides an example of breaking...View AnswerShow Answer

Fourth-grade teacher Maria promised her class a pizza party if everyone got an "A" on the next math test. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pig trained by the Brelands to pick up large wooden coins and deposit them in a wooden "piggy bank" learned quickly to do so for food rewards, but eventually

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Derek is frustrated that his 1½-year-old dog does not let him know when he needs to go outside to urinate. Sometimes he comes home to find a mess near the door. Which training method is most likely to be successful?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who is likely to discontinue his or her behavior first if reinforcement completely stops?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements describes a belief of the early behaviorists?

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Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does associative learning provide an enormous survival advantage?

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The text provides an example of breaking...
View Answer

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