Question 1

Compare the nativist and empiricist positions. How has each contributed to the theoretical underpinnings of the study of learning?

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Question 2

George Romanes defined animal intelligence as

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A)  learning to make new adjustments or to modify old ones, in accordance with the results of an animal's own individual experience.
B)  the ability to solve ever more difficult problems in the environment or laboratory.
C)  interacting in a meaningful way with members of the same species.
D)  interacting in a meaningful way with members of other species.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Describe the different levels of analysis that can be employed in studies of learning and how they are related.

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Question 4

What is the general-process approach? What evidence supports adopting such an approach in the study of learning phenomena? Why should caution be used in interpreting this evidence?

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Question 5

What three primary sources provided the impetus for research of animal learning? Briefly describe how each line of interest influences contemporary research in learning processes.

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Question 6

Nativist and empiricist philosophies differ in beliefs of

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A)  the contents, but not the mechanisms, of the human mind.
B)  the contents and mechanisms of the human mind only at birth.
C)  the contents and mechanisms of the human mind.
D)  the mechanisms, but not the contents, of the human mind.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

John Swammerdam's contribution to the study of reflexes was to show that

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle contractions were not produced by an infusion of gas.
B)  mechanical irritation of a nerve produced a muscle contraction.
C)  nerves are hollow tubes.
D)  separate nerves are involved in sensory and motor transmission.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Charles Darwin

Accepted Answer

A)  argued that nonhuman animals had the capacity for curiosity, attention, and aesthetic sensibility.
B)  provided compelling evidence for various forms of animal intelligence.
C)  suggested that physical but not psychological traits are the product of evolution.
D)  All of theseE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

According to Thomas Hobbes,

Accepted Answer

A)  reflexes were predictable; the mind was not.
B)  the mind was predictable; responses to environmental cues were not.
C)  neither the operations of the mind nor reflexes were predictable.
D)  both reflexes and the operations of the mind were predictable.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Describe the contributions to the study of learning made by three of the following individuals: René Descartes, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Thomas Brown, Aristotle, Hermann Ebbinghaus, I. M. Sechenov, Ivan Pavlov, Charles Darwin.

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The answer of Describe the contributions to the study of...

Question 11

John Locke believed that

Accepted Answer

A)  the human mind was unpredictable and governed by free will.
B)  the ideas humans had were acquired directly or indirectly after birth.
C)  nativism best described human cognition.
D)  rules of association did not explain human behavior.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

How might learning be studied at each of the major levels of analysis: behavioral, neural system, and molecular\cellular?

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Question 13

The generation of new, previously unknown facts about behavior must come from

Accepted Answer

A)  computer modeling.
B)  studying live organisms.
C)  studying live humans.
D)  studying live non-humans.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Sarah is interested in behavior accessible to conscious reflection. In terms of learning, she is probably most interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural learning.
B)  problematic learning.
C)  declarative learning.
D)  esoteric learning.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

What comparison must be made to determine the cause of behavior change in learning experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  a comparison between data from observational and experimental studies
B)  a comparison between behavior before and behavior after learning takes place
C)  a comparison between behavior of subjects who have received a training experience and the behavior of others who have not
D)  a comparison between human and animal behaviors under similar circumstancesE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

The finding that gas infusions are not the cause of muscle contractions is best attributed to which of the following researchers?

Accepted Answer

A)  René Descartes
B)  Charles Bell
C)  Francois Magendie
D)  Francis GlissonE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Which of the following is necessary when using animal models to study human behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  One must assume that the animal in question is like humans.
B)  The animal behavior must be as complex as human behavior.
C)  One must identify a relevant similarity between the animal model and the human behavior of interest.
D)  The animal behavior must be similar to human behavior in most respects.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following would correctly be identified as due to learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  A weight lifter can raise less and less weight as her sets go on.
B)  After a growth spurt, a child can now climb on the couch.
C)  In the spring, male birds are attracted to females, but not in the fall when the females are not receptive.
D)  None of theseE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Describe several alternatives to the use of animals in research and describe their advantages and disadvantages.

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Question 20

Russell and Burch describe "3 Rs" for the use of animals in research. Which of the following is not one of the "Rs."

Accepted Answer

A)  replacement
B)  refining
C)  referencing
D)  reducingE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 1: Introduction

According to Thomas Hobbes,

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George Romanes defined animal intelligence as

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Which of the following would correctly be identified as due to learning?

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The finding that gas infusions are not the cause of muscle contractions is best attributed to which of the following researchers?

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Describe the contributions to the study of learning made by three of the following individuals: René Descartes, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Thomas Brown, Aristotle, Hermann Ebbinghaus, I. M. Sechenov, Ivan Pavlov, Charles Darwin.

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John Swammerdam's contribution to the study of reflexes was to show that

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What is the general-process approach? What evidence supports adopting such an approach in the study of learning phenomena? Why should caution be used in interpreting this evidence?

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Which of the following is necessary when using animal models to study human behavior?

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John Locke believed that

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Sarah is interested in behavior accessible to conscious reflection. In terms of learning, she is probably most interested in

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What three primary sources provided the impetus for research of animal learning? Briefly describe how each line of interest influences contemporary research in learning processes.

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Describe several alternatives to the use of animals in research and describe their advantages and disadvantages.

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The generation of new, previously unknown facts about behavior must come from

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Russell and Burch describe "3 Rs" for the use of animals in research. Which of the following is not one of the "Rs."

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Charles Darwin

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What comparison must be made to determine the cause of behavior change in learning experiments?

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How might learning be studied at each of the major levels of analysis: behavioral, neural system, and molecular\cellular?

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Compare the nativist and empiricist positions. How has each contributed to the theoretical underpinnings of the study of learning?

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Nativist and empiricist philosophies differ in beliefs of

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Describe the different levels of analysis that can be employed in studies of learning and how they are related.

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