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Suppose Betty wants to extinguish her boyfriend's annoying habit of biting his toenails. She should conduct extinction trials


A) at home.
B) at a therapist's office.
C) alternating them with conditioning trials that reinforce his biting behavior.
D) in as many contexts as possible.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Sally was terribly afraid of cats before going into therapy. Over several trips to a psychologist's office, the psychologist was able to extinguish her fear of cats. However, when she returned home after the last session, a cat was waiting on her porch, and she panicked. This is likely due to the therapist forgetting about


A) restoration effects.
B) flooding effects.
C) renewal effects.
D) frustration effects.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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You and your friend both begin training your puppies to jump on the same day with the same treats. After 5 days, the puppies are jumping as much as they can. Your friend quits after 7 days, but you train for 3 more days. Unfortunately, you need to extinguish the jumping behavior you both trained. Which puppy is likely to extinguish most quickly?


A) your puppy
B) your friend's puppy
C) Both will extinguish at the same rate.
D) It is impossible to predict.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following concepts is most like Newtonian physics?


A) behavioral momentum
B) frustration theory
C) sequential theory
D) discrimination theory

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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A

Which of the following is not likely to occur due to an extinction procedure?


A) The subject learns the CS and US are no longer associated.
B) The subject increases the variety of responses it makes.
C) The subject decreases the number of conditioned responses it makes.
D) The subject becomes aggressive.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Extinction of a classically conditioned response occurs


A) with the passage of time.
B) when the subject becomes sensitized to the CR.
C) when the CS is presented without the US.
D) when the subject habituates to the UR.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A rat had been reinforced for lever press behaviors. After one day of extinction training, the rat was demonstrating very low levels of responding. When the rat was returned to the test cage the next day, there was a small recovery in the rate of responding. This increase is called


A) spontaneous recovery.
B) dishabituation.
C) disinhibition.
D) the extinction burst.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Describe the concept of behavioral momentum. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the concept?

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The term for the emotional reaction to withdrawal of an expected reward is


A) anger.
B) frustration.
C) anticipated fear.
D) withdrawal.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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What is behavioral momentum? What are two common findings from studies of behavioral momentum?

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Two groups of rats are trained to press a lever for food on a constant reinforcement schedule. One group receives 1 piece of rat chow; the other, 3 pieces. In extinction,


A) the 3-piece group will persist in responding longer.
B) the 1-piece group will persist in responding longer.
C) as long as the constraints on the lever are the same, the groups will persist approximately the same length of time.
D) It is impossible to predict.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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You have trained your goldfish to swim through a hoop placed in the tank by providing a dried fly every time it does so. Your little brother takes care of your fish for a week and forgets to give the fish any flies when it swims through the hoop when he puts it in the tank. If you were to test your fish for hoop swimming behavior and wanted to see the most responses, you should


A) wait a few days before putting the hoop in the tank.
B) test the fish immediately to counteract any forgetting.
C) test your fish immediately to counteract frustration.
D) buy a new fish and try again.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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The overtraining extinction effect states


A) that extensive training provides some protection from extinction.
B) that extinction occurs more rapidly after extensive training.
C) that extensive training eliminates spontaneous recovery.
D) that extensive training does not affect the rate of extinction.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In the first phase of an experiment, one group of rats is reinforced for every lever press. Another group of rats is reinforced for every 15th lever press. In the second phase, both groups receive continuous reinforcement. In later extinction trials, subjects that received continuous reinforcement in phase 1 decreased responding more quickly than those that were reinforced every 15th trial. These findings support


A) the discrimination hypothesis.
B) the extinction burst hypothesis.
C) the modern two-process theory.
D) the frustration theory.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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According to the sequential theory,


A) continuous reinforcement trains an animal to be persistent in the absence of reinforcement.
B) partial reinforcement teaches an animal the difference between rewarded and nonrewarded trials.
C) there is nothing about continuous reinforcement that teaches an animal to respond when it expects nonreward.
D) memory of nonreward becomes the cue for performing the instrumental response.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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The theory that the partial reinforcement extinction effect is due to a subject's inability to notice when extinction procedures have begun is


A) the frustration theory.
B) the sequential theory.
C) the discrimination hypothesis.
D) the detection theory.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Bobby accidentally extinguished a behavior he really enjoyed his dog performing. To reinstate this behavior he should


A) administer a protein synthesis inhibitor.
B) expose his dog to the training US.
C) conduct more extinction trials.
D) none of the above will work

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Recent evidence suggests that


A) the sequential theory better explains PREE.
B) the frustration theory better explains PREE.
C) both sequential and frustration mechanisms can promote responding during extinction.
D) neither frustration theory nor sequential theory explains PREE.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Sally worked hard to overcome her taste aversion to cashews. Unfortunately, she caught a stomach bug, was ill, and now finds that she cannot bear to be around cashews again. This demonstrates


A) spontaneous recovery.
B) renewal.
C) reinstatement.
D) resurgence.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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What associations are learned during extinction? What evidence is there to support your answer?

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Answer not provided

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