Question 1

Describe the various conditions under which extinguished responding can reappear.

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Question 2

Describe the various ways in which control of behavior by contextual cues is relevant to the behavioral effects of extinction.

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Question 3

Compare three mechanisms of PREE. What evidence supports, or refutes, each mechanism?

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Question 4

What are the two major behavioral effects of conducting an extinction procedure? Provide an example from everyday life to illustrate these effects.

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Question 5

Compare extinction to forgetting. What procedures characterize each?

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Question 6

Evidence that protein synthesis is crucial for memory formation and consolidation is seen in

Accepted Answer

A)  studies in which protein synthesis inhibitors administered before training block the acquisition of conditioned fear.
B)  experiments in which extinction is blocked by protein synthesis inhibitors.
C)  studies in which memories have been recalled and "erased" during reconsolidation by protein synthesis inhibitors.
D)  all of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

According to the discrimination hypothesis, the partial reinforcement extinction effect is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the extinction burst that occurs at the beginning of extinction trials.
B)  learning to respond in the face of expected nonreward.
C)  a subject's memories of whether or not it was rewarded for performing the instrumental response in the recent past.
D)  a subject's decreased ability to notice when extinction procedures begin.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

According to frustration theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous reinforcement trains an animal to be persistent in the absence of reinforcement.
B)  partial reinforcement teaches an animal the difference between rewarded and nonrewarded trials.
C)  there is nothing about continuous reinforcement that teaches an animal to respond when it expects nonreward.
D)  memory of nonreward becomes the cue for performing the instrumental response.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

According to frustration theory, the partial reinforcement extinction effect is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  not immediately noticing when reinforcers are omitted.
B)  learning to respond in the face of no expected reinforcement.
C)  the aggression that accompanies the onset of extinction.
D)  a subject's memories of whether or not it was rewarded for performing the instrumental response in the recent past.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following associations is most likely impacted by extinction training?

Accepted Answer

A)  S-O
B)  R-O
C)  S-S
D)  S-RE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

People stop putting money into soda machines after one or two non-reinforced trials, but will put money into slot machines over and over without any payoff. A likely explanation is

Accepted Answer

A)  the extinction burst.
B)  the partial reinforcement extinction effect.
C)  the partial reinforcement burst.
D)  frustrative aggression.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

The effect of compounding two extinction stimuli is to

Accepted Answer

A)  deepen the extinction of the two cues.
B)  impede extinction learning about the two cues.
C)  cause resurgence effects.
D)  none of the aboveE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 13

Which theory predicts that during a FR15 schedule an animal will be in conflict about whether or not to respond, but that with training the conflict will be resolved in favor of responding?

Accepted Answer

A)  frustration theory
B)  discrimination hypothesis
C)  sequential theory
D)  modern two-process theoryE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Sally put her money in the soda machine but nothing came out. To her brother's surprise, she gave the machine a powerful kick. You realize she was demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  an extinction burst.
B)  frustrative aggression.
C)  the partial reinforcement extinction effect.
D)  differential reinforcement of a low rate.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The results from experiments exploring compounding extinction cues suggest that extinction may operate in part by

Accepted Answer

A)  causing enhanced forgetting.
B)  an error-correction process like that found in the Rescorla-Wagner model.
C)  a block of spontaneous recovery.
D)  impeding the development of resurgence.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

The theory that assumes that during intermittent reinforcement training, the memory of nonreward becomes a cue for performing the instrumental response is

Accepted Answer

A)  the discrimination hypothesis.
B)  sequential theory.
C)  modern two-process theory.
D)  frustration theory.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Spontaneous recovery following extinction of a classically conditioned response

Accepted Answer

A)  typically restores responding to pre-extinction levels.
B)  typically leads to incomplete recovery of responding.
C)  demonstrates that CS-US relationships are disrupted due to extinction.
D)  demonstrates that subjects unlearn only excitatory associations.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Excitatory conditioning is to _____ as extinction is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  S-R; S-S
B)  S-S; S-R
C)  R-O; S-S
D)  S-S; S-OE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Resurgence of an extinguished response occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  time simply passes.
B)  other responses are also extinguished.
C)  subjects are inadvertently exposed to the training US.
D)  subjects are exposed to the training contexts.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

A pigeon has been trained to peck a key for food reinforcement on a continuous schedule of reinforcement. If the pigeon is allowed to peck the key but food is no longer provided, what will happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pigeon will begin to vary its responses.
B)  The pigeon will learn that pecking does not lead to food.
C)  The pigeon will learn that the key and food are no longer associated.
D)  The pigeon will steadily increase its conditioned response rate.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Exam 9: Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

The theory that assumes that during intermittent reinforcement training, the memory of nonreward becomes a cue for performing the instrumental response is

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According to the discrimination hypothesis, the partial reinforcement extinction effect is due to

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Resurgence of an extinguished response occurs when

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Compare extinction to forgetting. What procedures characterize each?

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A pigeon has been trained to peck a key for food reinforcement on a continuous schedule of reinforcement. If the pigeon is allowed to peck the key but food is no longer provided, what will happen?

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Sally put her money in the soda machine but nothing came out. To her brother's surprise, she gave the machine a powerful kick. You realize she was demonstrating

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Spontaneous recovery following extinction of a classically conditioned response

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evidence that protein synthesis is crucial for memory formation and consolidation is seen in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excitatory conditioning is to _____ as extinction is to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to frustration theory, the partial reinforcement extinction effect is due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the various ways in which control of behavior by contextual cues is relevant to the behavioral effects of extinction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare three mechanisms of PREE. What evidence supports, or refutes, each mechanism?

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What are the two major behavioral effects of conducting an extinction procedure? Provide an example from everyday life to illustrate these effects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the various conditions under which extinguished responding can reappear.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The effect of compounding two extinction stimuli is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People stop putting money into soda machines after one or two non-reinforced trials, but will put money into slot machines over and over without any payoff. A likely explanation is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following associations is most likely impacted by extinction training?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory predicts that during a FR15 schedule an animal will be in conflict about whether or not to respond, but that with training the conflict will be resolved in favor of responding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to frustration theory,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The results from experiments exploring compounding extinction cues suggest that extinction may operate in part by

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Excitatory conditioning is to _ as extinction is to _.

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