Question 1

Your friend has decided to use punishment as a means of training her new puppy. What are three things she must do to ensure that the aversive stimuli she administers will quickly alter the pup's behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend has decided to use punishment...

Question 2

Punishment is also referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  active avoidance.
B)  passive avoidance.
C)  escape.
D)  negative reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

As avoidance training continues, fear of the avoidance CS

Accepted Answer

A)  remains constant.
B)  increases.
C)  begins to fluctuate around a relatively high asymptote.
D)  decreases.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Which theory assumes that the selection among possible defensive avoidance responses is greatly influenced by different levels of perceived danger?

Accepted Answer

A)  SSDR theory
B)  the safety-signal hypothesis
C)  the predatory imminence hypothesis
D)  the shock-frequency reduction theoryE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Compare the safety-signal hypothesis to the two-process theory of avoidance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the safety-signal hypothesis to the two-process...

Question 6

Which is true of the assumptions of both SSDR theory and the predatory imminence hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selection of avoidance responses is through punishment of early ineffective responses.
B)  Selection of avoidance responses is due to different levels of perceived danger.
C)  A distinction is made between defensive and recuperative responses.
D)  Defensive behaviors initially occur as unconditional responses.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

In a free-operant avoidance procedure, the subject avoids shock by making responses to increase the number of

Accepted Answer

A)  CS-US intervals.
B)  CS-CR intervals.
C)  R-S intervals.
D)  S-S intervals.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

According to the safety-signal hypothesis, _____ serve as conditioned inhibitors of fear.

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal cues of the S-S interval
B)  response associated feedback cues
C)  CS associated feedback cues
D)  US associated feedback cuesE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Suppose you want an organism to learn to make avoidance responses in a free-operant avoidance procedure. To aid in training, you should provide

Accepted Answer

A)  a longer S-S interval and a shorter R-S interval.
B)  a longer R-S interval and a shorter S-S interval.
C)  short S-S and R-S intervals.
D)  long S-S and R-S intervals.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Provide three pieces of evidence supporting the claim that your spinal cord learns.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide three pieces of evidence supporting the...

Question 11

Bobby wears red socks to every exam because he says that wearing them gives him the feeling that he will not fail, as the first time he wore red socks he did not fail a difficult exam. The report of his behavior supports

Accepted Answer

A)  the predatory imminence theory.
B)  the expectancy theory of avoidance.
C)  SSDR theory.
D)  none of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Describe factors that enhance the effectiveness of punishment in suppressing behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe factors that enhance the effectiveness of...

Question 13

More response suppression will be achieved if the shock that is administered in a punishment situation is

Accepted Answer

A)  response noncontingent, harsh, and of long duration.
B)  response contingent, mild, and of short duration.
C)  response noncontingent, mild, and of short duration.
D)  response contingent, harsh, and of long duration.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D) D

Question 14

A fundamental question in the study of avoidance is:

Accepted Answer

A)  How do avoidance trials lead to escape behaviors?
B)  Why does punishment have to be discriminated to be effective?
C)  How can the absence of something be reinforcing?
D)  All of the aboveE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

If you wish to quickly and permanently suppress a behavior through the use of punishment, you should

Accepted Answer

A)  initially use mildly aversive stimuli.
B)  initially use aversive stimuli of short duration.
C)  initially use strong and longer aversive stimulation.
D)  use mild aversive stimulation and progress to stronger stimuli.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above C

Question 16

Timmy is afraid of snakes and runs away whenever he sees one. To cure him of his fear, his older brother places Timmy in a box along with three harmless garter snakes. This treatment is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  response prevention.
B)  systematic desensitization.
C)  habituation.
D)  conditioned suppression.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Explain how the two-process theory of avoidance accounts for the behavior that develops in avoidance training.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the two-process theory of avoidance...

Question 18

Criminal Bob just spent 5 months in jail for robbing a store. Criminal Sally spent 1 week in jail for the same crime. The next time they were caught, each was sentenced to 3 months in jail. This second sentence is most likely to suppress the later criminal behavior of

Accepted Answer

A)  Sally more than Bob.
B)  Bob more than Sally.
C)  both Sally and Bob equally to a high degree.
D)  both Sally and Bob equally poorly.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) B

Question 19

Which theory suggests that the nature of the avoidance response is shaped by punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the two-process theory of avoidance
B)  SSDR theory
C)  the safety-signal hypothesis
D)  shock-frequency reduction theoryE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

An aversive stimulus is administered following a response in the presence of a tone. When the tone is not present, the same response does not bring about the aversive stimulus. This procedure is called

Accepted Answer

A)  overcorrection.
B)  discriminated punishment.
C)  self-punitive behavior.
D)  response-independent stimulation.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 10: Averse Control

Your friend has decided to use punishment as a means of training her new puppy. What are three things she must do to ensure that the aversive stimuli she administers will quickly alter the pup's behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Punishment is also referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As avoidance training continues, fear of the avoidance CS

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory assumes that the selection among possible defensive avoidance responses is greatly influenced by different levels of perceived danger?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the safety-signal hypothesis to the two-process theory of avoidance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is true of the assumptions of both SSDR theory and the predatory imminence hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a free-operant avoidance procedure, the subject avoids shock by making responses to increase the number of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the safety-signal hypothesis, _____ serve as conditioned inhibitors of fear.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose you want an organism to learn to make avoidance responses in a free-operant avoidance procedure. To aid in training, you should provide

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Provide three pieces of evidence supporting the claim that your spinal cord learns.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bobby wears red socks to every exam because he says that wearing them gives him the feeling that he will not fail, as the first time he wore red socks he did not fail a difficult exam. The report of his behavior supports

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe factors that enhance the effectiveness of punishment in suppressing behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

More response suppression will be achieved if the shock that is administered in a punishment situation is

Correct AnswerverifiedD

A fundamental question in the study of avoidance is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you wish to quickly and permanently suppress a behavior through the use of punishment, you should

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Timmy is afraid of snakes and runs away whenever he sees one. To cure him of his fear, his older brother places Timmy in a box along with three harmless garter snakes. This treatment is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how the two-process theory of avoidance accounts for the behavior that develops in avoidance training.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Criminal Bob just spent 5 months in jail for robbing a store. Criminal Sally spent 1 week in jail for the same crime. The next time they were caught, each was sentenced to 3 months in jail. This second sentence is most likely to suppress the later criminal behavior of

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which theory suggests that the nature of the avoidance response is shaped by punishment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An aversive stimulus is administered following a response in the presence of a tone. When the tone is not present, the same response does not bring about the aversive stimulus. This procedure is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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C

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B

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