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Exam 5: Society,Social Structure,and Interaction

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Question 71

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Knowledge is viewed as the basic source of innovation and policy formulation in __________.As a result,education becomes one of the most important social institutions.Formal education and other sources of information become crucial to the success of individuals and organizations.

A) horticultural and pastoral societies
B) postindustrial societies
C) industrial societies
D) agrarian societies

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 72

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In relation to stability and change in societies,describe sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies' Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft approach.

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Question 73

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The fact that people engage in civil inattention demonstrates that interaction does have a pattern,or __________,which regulates the form and processes (but not the content) of social interaction.

Sociologist Robert Park coined the term __________ to refer to persons (such as immigrants) who simultaneously share the life and traditions of two distinct groups.It is the state of being part insider and part outsider in the social structure.

Division of labor increases in __________.As the food supply grows,not everyone needs to be engaged in food production.Some people can pursue activities such as weaving cloth or carpets,crafting jewelry,or creating the tools needed for building the society's structure.

In __________ societies,the basic social unit is the kinship group or family.People do not have private households or residences.Instead,they live in small groups of about twenty-five to forty people.

__________ use the technology of large-scale farming,including animal-drawn or energy-powered plows and equipment,to produce their food supply.

A(n) __________ is a false belief or prediction that produces behavior that makes the originally false belief come true.

__________ is/are the process(es) by which people act toward or respond to other people,and also is/are the foundation(s) for all relationships and groups in society.

Anna is a female born to Mexican American parents; she was assigned these positions at birth.She is an adult and,if she lives long enough,will someday become an "older adult," which is a(n) __________ status received involuntarily later in life.

According to sociologist Erving Goffman,__________ is the symbolic means by which subordinates give a required permissive response to those in power; it confirms the existence of inequality and reaffirms each person's relationship to the other.

Discuss the various aspects of roles as a component of social structure.

Although all jobs place some burden on our feelings,emotional labor occurs only in jobs that require personal contact with the public or the production of a state of mind (such as hope,desire,or fear) in others.

__________ are characterized by an information explosion and an economy in which large numbers of people either provide or apply information,or are employed in service jobs (such as fast-food server or health care worker) .

Sociologist Helen Ebaugh studied the process of role exit by interviewing ex-convicts,ex-nuns,retirees,divorced men and women,and others who had exited voluntarily from significant social roles.Ebaugh concluded that role exit occurs in four stages.__________ is the second stage.

__________ is a group's or society's definition of the way a specific role ought to be played.

In agrarian societies,politics is based on a feudal system controlled by a political-economic elite made up of the ruler,his royal family,and members of the landowning class.

Define role,role expectations,role performance,role conflict,role strain,and role distancing.

Status symbols are material signs that inform others of a person's specific status.

Social structure is essential for the survival of society and for the well-being of individuals because it provides a social web of familial support and social relationships that connects each of us to the larger society.