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Dr.Allen is lobbying the government to start a reading program for all children who live in regions where school achievement is lower than average.What type of program would this be?


A) a universal prevention strategy
B) a selective prevention strategy
C) a health promotion strategy
D) an experimental prevention strategy

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to which of the following?


A) random assignment
B) external validity
C) chance
D) confounds

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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A researcher studies the impact of stress on college students' exam scores.Whether the results of this study help us to understand the relationship between job performance and stress levels of real-life organizational workers is a question of which of the following?


A) external validity
B) a clinical hypothesis
C) study confounds
D) random sampling

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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"I remember being a very shy child,keeping to myself,and reading books.As an adolescent,I became more serious and quiet.As a young adult,I became more confident and outgoing." What type of research would this kind of information be used for?


A) a longitudinal study
B) a sequential study
C) a correlational study
D) a cross-sectional study

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Professor Black is asked by one of his students to describe the meaning of a hypothesis.What should Professor Black say?


A) A hypothesis is a question.
B) A hypothesis is a statement of fact
C) A hypothesis is a prediction about behaviour.
D) A hypothesis is an established theory.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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What does the prevalence of a disorder refer to?


A) the relative seriousness of one disorder to other disorders
B) the number of people with a disorder at any one time
C) the estimated number of new cases during a specific period of time
D) the incidence, distribution, and consequences of a problem in a population

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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B

Why are placebos used in experiments?


A) to control for the expectations of some research participants that they will improve just because they are in a research study
B) to make certain that the treatment and control groups receive the same number of subjects
C) to make certain that the treatment and control groups receive the same treatment
D) to control for the variability of individuals who tend to volunteer for research studies

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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What does "phenotype" refer to?


A) hidden characteristics
B) cognitive influences
C) observable characteristics
D) environmental influences

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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A confound in a study makes the results uninterpretable.What does it affect?


A) testability
B) test-retest reliability
C) internal validity
D) external validity

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Your psychology professor is conducting research and desperately needs more research participants because the existing subjects keep running from the building screaming.She tells the class that everyone must be a subject to get a grade in the class and that there are no exceptions.In terms of ethical treatment of research subjects,what would you say about her policy?


A) It violates the informed consent concept of volunteerism.
B) It violates the informed consent concept of competence.
C) It is acceptable if she carefully explains the experiment to each participant and allows participants to quit if they are uncomfortable during the procedure.
D) It is acceptable as long as her procedures are presented to the research ethics board.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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A

Which of the following genetic mechanisms contributes to the underlying problems that cause the difficulties experienced by people with psychological disorders?


A) electrolytes
B) phenotypes
C) endophenotypes
D) genotypes

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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According to the requirements of "informed consent," what are research participants in a blind,placebo-controlled study told?


A) that their results may or may not be incorporated into the research evaluation
B) that they will definitely be receiving the treatment
C) that they will not receive the treatment until the research study is over
D) that they may or may not receive treatment

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is an example of treatment outcome research?


A) determining whether a medication actually has any impact on the function of the brain
B) examining the changes in serotonin levels from taking medication
C) exploring the parts of cognitive-behavioural therapy homework that are most difficult for patients to perform
D) examining the impact of medication on depression

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which research design is most helpful in determining how individuals with particular disorders change over time?


A) the experimental method
B) the cross-sectional design
C) the longitudinal method
D) the cohort design

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Barlow's research team had reason to celebrate.A similar team at another university had been able to replicate their findings.What did the second team do?


A) They identified the strengths and weaknesses of the original research.
B) They used the research of the first team to take the project to a new level.
C) They repeated the research of the first team and generated identical results.
D) They found that the negative correlations were actually positive.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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C

Dr.Seto is considering using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment,but she has one major concern about this method.What concern does Dr.Seto MOST likely have?


A) She would be concerned that it is impossible to remove the treatment equally for the treatment and control subjects.
B) She would be concerned that it is difficult to measure changes that are associated with removal of a treatment.
C) She would be concerned about the placebo effect when the treatment is removed.
D) She would be concerned about removing treatment that appears to be helping the patient.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Why do researchers use control groups?


A) to compare previously completed academic studies
B) to make comparisons with the treatment group
C) to randomize the experiment
D) to control the hypothesis

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic influences of psychopathology.Why is this so?


A) because psychopathology will be easier to measure than to understand
B) because psychopathology will be impossible to understand until the entire human genome is sequenced
C) because psychopathology will be difficult to understand with the limited statistical models available
D) because psychopathology will be based on more than single gene defects

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Joe has been diagnosed by his psychiatrist as having an anxiety disorder.His psychiatrist prescribes a medication that has been found to help reduce anxiety.Joe takes the medication but his anxiety level does not improve at all.Since an anxiety medication did not work,Joe concludes that his psychiatrist must be wrong and that he,Joe,must be suffering from some other disorder.What is the problem with Joe's conclusion?


A) He is failing to consider the external validity of the prior research.
B) He is failing to consider the internal validity of the research studies.
C) He is failing to consider the lack of clinical significance of many research findings.
D) He is failing to consider the patient uniformity myth.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following might be a situation where you observe the "allegiance effect" in a double-blind study?


A) The researcher tries to replicate the results of an earlier study.
B) A treatment doesn't seem to be working, so the researcher puts less effort into that treatment group.
C) The participants in the treatment group show a greater commitment to the study than do participants in the control group.
D) The researcher and the participants in the control group work together to bring about a treatment effect.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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