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​After damage to the ventral roots of the spinal cord,an individual will suffer what kind of loss?


A) sensation from the affected body area
B) ​control of the peripheral muscles in the affected body area
C) ​control of organs in the affected body area
D) sensation of the muscles on the opposite side of the body

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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​The nuclei for most of the cranial nerves are located in the ____.


A) cerebral cortex
B) ​hypothalamus
C) ​midbrain
D) pons and medulla

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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​Describe the basic functions and components of the autonomic nervous system.

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The autonomic nervous system consists of...

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Substantia nigra gives rise to the dopamine-containing pathway that facilitates readiness for movement.

A) True
B) False

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​People with damage of the parietal cortex tend to have trouble ____


A) hearing sounds
B) ​locating objects in space
C) ​remembering past events
D) speaking

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The limbic system is important for motivation and emotional behaviors.

A) True
B) False

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The choroid plexus reabsorbs the cerebrospinal fluid.

A) True
B) False

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Name and describe two different methods for measuring brain function (not anatomy).

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PET scan: Uses an injection of a radioac...

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​Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are called ____.


A) CSF
B) ​ventricles
C) ​meninges
D) hydrocephali

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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​The ascending portion of the reticular formation ____.


A) controls the motor areas of the spinal cord
B) ​is responsible for the eye muscles
C) ​controls the motor areas of the brain
D) increases arousal and attention

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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The elbow is more distal to the shoulder than the hand.

A) True
B) False

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​Evoked potentials in the brain are most likely to be detected by a(n) ____.


A) CAT scan
B) ​MRI
C) ​EEG
D) PET scan

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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​Which technique is dependent upon the release of oxygen from hemoglobin molecules?


A) PET
B) ​rCBF
C) ​MRI
D) fMRI

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Describe the basic anatomy and function of the spinal cord.​

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​The spinal cord is the part of the CNS ...

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​Secretions from which gland will also affect the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland,adrenal gland,and ovaries or testes?


A) thymus gland
B) ​pineal gland
C) pituitary gland

D) A) and C)
E) B) and C)

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Neurons that directly convey messages to muscles and glands are part of the central nervous system.

A) True
B) False

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​The ____ monitors all the information about eye,head,and body positions and passes it on to brain areas that control movement.


A) parietal lobe
B) ​occipital lobe
C) ​central sulcus
D) precentral gyrus

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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What type of pathway in the substantia nigra deteriorates in Parkinson's disease?​


A) dopamine
B) ​serotonin
C) ​norepinephrine
D) acetylcholine

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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​Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the ____.


A) spinal cord
B) ​dorsal root ganglia
C) ​white matter
D) ventral roots

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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How does the method of transcranial magnetic stimulation of brain areas differ from magnetic inactivation?​


A) Brain activation results from long, intense magnetic stimulation.
B) ​Brain inactivation results from mild, brief magnetic stimulation.
C) ​Brain inactivation results as the magnets are simply reversed.
D) Brain activation results from mild, brief magnetic stimulation.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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