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Exam 12: Distributed Database Management Systems

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Question 1

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In a distributed database management system (DDBMS), control is used to manage simultaneous data access and ensure data consistency across database fragments.

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What is transaction transparency? What are some of the basic concepts that one should know to understand how transactions are managed in a distributed database management system (DDBMS)?

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Transaction transparency is a DDBMS property that ensures database transactions will maintain the distributed database's integrity and consistency. It should be remembered that a DDBMS database transaction can update data stored in many different computers connected in a network. Transaction transparency ensures that the transaction will be completed only when all database sites involved in the transaction complete their part of the transaction. Distributed database systems require complex mechanisms to manage transactions and ensure the database's consistency and integrity. To understand how the transactions are managed, the basic concepts governing remote requests, remote transactions, distributed transactions, and distributed requests should be known.

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Describe performance transparency and heterogeneity transparency.

If a distributed database management system (DDBMS) exhibits transparency, a user does not need to know that the data are partitioned-meaning the table's rows and columns are split vertically or horizontally and stored among multiple sites.

The level of transparency supported by the distributed database management system remains the same for all systems.

One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is improved communication.

Both distributed processing and distributed databases require a network of interconnected components.

Explain the three types of operations defined by the DO-UNDO-REDO protocol.

Current distributed database management system (DDBMS) are subject to some problems, such as the complexity of management and control.

One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is that the data is located near the site with the least demand.

transparency exists when the end user or programmer must specify both the fragment names and their locations.

A(n) database stores each database fragment at a single site.

is a disadvantage of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) .

transparency exists when the end user or programmer must specify the database fragment names but does not need to specify where these fragments are located.

transparency ensures that the system will continue to operate in the event of a node or network malfunction.

Describe any five of the 12 commandments formulated by C. J. Date for distributed databases.

A distributed database is composed of several parts known as database .

The protocol is used by a DP to roll transactions back and forward with the help of the system's transaction log entries.

A database management system (DBMS) must have validation, transformation, and mapping functions, as well as other functions, in order to be classified as distributed.

Explain the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous distributed database management systems (DDBMS).