Question 1

A political candidate uses a negative campaign commercial in which the candidate's opponent is shown alongside a negative image of an angry mob.The intent of the commercial is to cause voters to

Accepted Answer

A)   have an accurate contrast between the candidate and the opponent.
B)   realize the opponent was the individual who angered the mob in the first place.
C)   associate the opponent with a negative emotional response.
D)   associate positive emotional responses with the candidate who sponsored the commercial.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

When Diana was three years old,she became terrified when the neighbor's budgie bird kept flying near her head.Today she is afraid of all birds,including robins,pigeons,and blue jays.Diana's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Accepted Answer

A)   preparedness.
B)   stimulus generalization.
C)   stimulus discrimination.
D)   negative avoidance.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Pat takes a prescription medication in order to reduce pain and Kelly takes the same medication in order to experience a "drug high." Pat's behavior is reinforced by ____ reinforcement and Kelly's behavior by ____ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative; positive
B)   positive; negative
C)   positive; positive
D)   negative; negativeE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

When gathering baseline data for a behavior modification program,all of the following are necessary EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   monitoring the antecedents of the target behavior.
B)   monitoring the consequences of the target behavior.
C)   determining the initial frequency of the target behavior.
D)   determining how you can reduce the frequency of the target behavior.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Nate is watching the cumulative recorder that is connected to a box where a rat is pressing a lever to receive food reinforcement.The slope of the line is becoming flatter and flatter over time.Based on this output,Nate can conclude that the rat's response rate

Accepted Answer

A)   is increasing over time.
B)   will soon show spontaneous recovery.
C)   is decreasing over time.
D)   is caused by inadequate stimulus generalization.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   the more similar the new stimulus is to the original CS, the greater the likelihood of stimulus discrimination
B)   the more dissimilar the new stimulus is from the original CS, the greater the likelihood of stimulus generalization
C)   for stimulus discrimination to occur, the organism needs experience with both the original CS and the new stimulus
D)   for stimulus generalization to occur, the organism needs experience with both the original CS and the new stimulusE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   insight learning.
B)   latent learning.
C)   classical conditioning.
D)   operant conditioning.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

A woman reported feeling "weak in the knees" whenever she smelled cigarette smoke and Beemans gum because of the association of these smells with her first love.In this example,the combined smell of cigarettes and Beemans gum would be

Accepted Answer

A)   a conditioned response.
B)   an unconditioned response.
C)   a conditioned stimulus.
D)   an unconditioned stimulus.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

In Pavlov's principle experiment,if a dog salivates after hearing a tone the salivation would be the

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned response.
B)   conditioned stimulus.
C)   unconditioned stimulus.
D)   unconditioned response.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

The existence of biological constraints on learning such as preparedness and conditioned taste aversions reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

Accepted Answer

A)   psychology is theoretically diverse.
B)   our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.
C)   heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
D)   psychology is empirical.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 11

Avoidance conditioning develops through

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement.
B)   positive reinforcement.
C)   punishment.
D)   modeling.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience defines

Accepted Answer

A)   development.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   learning.
D)   operant conditioning.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Maxwell runs a lawn care service and he charges his clients based on the square footage of their yard,rather than charging an hourly rate for his services.In this example,Maxwell is working on

Accepted Answer

A)   a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement.
B)   a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement.
C)   a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.
D)   a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

The basic principles of gradual acquisition,extinction,stimulus generalization,and discrimination apply

Accepted Answer

A)   to both classical and operant conditioning.
B)   only to classical conditioning.
C)   only to operant conditioning.
D)   to learning by animals, but not to learning by people.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

While out trick-or-treating for Halloween,at first Billy's neighbors had to remind him to say "trick or treat" before they dropped their treats into his bag.As he continued to visit houses in the neighborhood,soon Billy would say "trick or treat" as soon as the neighbors answered the door.The treats he received were the ____ for his saying "trick or treat".

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus
B)   reinforcement
C)   reward
D)   discriminative stimulusE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)   approval
B)   a toy for a child
C)   food
D)   moneyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

When an individual has a phobia,the irrational fear and anxiety that the person experiences is

Accepted Answer

A)   a conditioned response.
B)   an unconditioned response.
C)   a conditioned stimulus.
D)   an unconditioned stimulus.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   escape learning.
B)   avoidance learning.
C)   an unconditioned response.
D)   positive reinforcement.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Briefly describe observational learning,and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning occurs when an or...

Question 20

If you devise a self-modification program in which you systematically reward yourself for studying,you are applying the principles of

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   operant conditioning.
C)   observational learning.
D)   Pavlovian conditioning.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Exam 6: Learning

In Pavlov's principle experiment,if a dog salivates after hearing a tone the salivation would be the

Correct Answer
verified

Nate is watching the cumulative recorder that is connected to a box where a rat is pressing a lever to receive food reinforcement.The slope of the line is becoming flatter and flatter over time.Based on this output,Nate can conclude that the rat's response rate

Correct Answer
verified

Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as

Correct Answer
verified

When gathering baseline data for a behavior modification program,all of the following are necessary EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Correct Answer
verified

A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience defines

Correct Answer
verified

The existence of biological constraints on learning such as preparedness and conditioned taste aversions reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Maxwell runs a lawn care service and he charges his clients based on the square footage of their yard,rather than charging an hourly rate for his services.In this example,Maxwell is working on

Correct Answer
verified

When Diana was three years old,she became terrified when the neighbor's budgie bird kept flying near her head.Today she is afraid of all birds,including robins,pigeons,and blue jays.Diana's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Correct Answer
verified

When an individual has a phobia,the irrational fear and anxiety that the person experiences is

Correct Answer
verified

Avoidance conditioning develops through

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements regarding stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination is correct?

Correct Answer
verified

Pat takes a prescription medication in order to reduce pain and Kelly takes the same medication in order to experience a "drug high." Pat's behavior is reinforced by reinforcement and Kelly's behavior by reinforcement.

Correct Answer
verified

The basic principles of gradual acquisition,extinction,stimulus generalization,and discrimination apply

Correct Answer
verified

A woman reported feeling "weak in the knees" whenever she smelled cigarette smoke and Beemans gum because of the association of these smells with her first love.In this example,the combined smell of cigarettes and Beemans gum would be

Correct Answer
verified

A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock.This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Briefly describe observational learning,and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

Correct Answer
verified
Observational learning occurs when an or...
View Answer

A political candidate uses a negative campaign commercial in which the candidate's opponent is shown alongside a negative image of an angry mob.The intent of the commercial is to cause voters to

Correct Answer
verified

If you devise a self-modification program in which you systematically reward yourself for studying,you are applying the principles of

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Learning

In Pavlov's principle experiment,if a dog salivates after hearing a tone the salivation would be the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nate is watching the cumulative recorder that is connected to a box where a rat is pressing a lever to receive food reinforcement.The slope of the line is becoming flatter and flatter over time.Based on this output,Nate can conclude that the rat's response rate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When gathering baseline data for a behavior modification program,all of the following are necessary EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience defines

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The existence of biological constraints on learning such as preparedness and conditioned taste aversions reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maxwell runs a lawn care service and he charges his clients based on the square footage of their yard,rather than charging an hourly rate for his services.In this example,Maxwell is working on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Diana was three years old,she became terrified when the neighbor's budgie bird kept flying near her head.Today she is afraid of all birds,including robins,pigeons,and blue jays.Diana's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an individual has a phobia,the irrational fear and anxiety that the person experiences is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Avoidance conditioning develops through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pat takes a prescription medication in order to reduce pain and Kelly takes the same medication in order to experience a "drug high." Pat's behavior is reinforced by ____ reinforcement and Kelly's behavior by ____ reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basic principles of gradual acquisition,extinction,stimulus generalization,and discrimination apply

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A woman reported feeling "weak in the knees" whenever she smelled cigarette smoke and Beemans gum because of the association of these smells with her first love.In this example,the combined smell of cigarettes and Beemans gum would be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe observational learning,and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedObservational learning occurs when an or...View AnswerShow Answer

A political candidate uses a negative campaign commercial in which the candidate's opponent is shown alongside a negative image of an angry mob.The intent of the commercial is to cause voters to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you devise a self-modification program in which you systematically reward yourself for studying,you are applying the principles of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Pat takes a prescription medication in order to reduce pain and Kelly takes the same medication in order to experience a "drug high." Pat's behavior is reinforced by reinforcement and Kelly's behavior by reinforcement.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
Observational learning occurs when an or...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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