Question 1

Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment.

Accepted Answer

In general,reinforcement causes response...

Question 2

In classical conditioning a conditioned association is formed between a previously neutral,conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Observational learning is entirely separate from both classical and operant conditioning.
B)   Observational learning is a form of classical conditioning.
C)   Observational learning is a form of operant conditioning.
D)   Both classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously through observational learning.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Sally developed a fear of balconies after almost falling from a balcony on a couple of occasions.What was the conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)   the balcony
B)   fear of the balcony
C)   almost falling
D)   fear resulting from almost fallingE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Social critics have expressed concern about the amount of violence on television since TV became popular and the majority of research into the impact of media violence on behavior has focused on the role of ____________________ learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social critics have expressed concern about the...

Question 6

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box,a steep slope in the line indicates

Accepted Answer

A)   poorly planned reinforcement contingencies.
B)   slow responding taking place.
C)   fast responding taking place.
D)   extinction has occurred.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

According to Martin Seligman,preparedness involves a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following statements about punishment is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Punishment may generalize to other behaviors.
B)   Punishment increases the frequency of undesired behavior.
C)   Punishment triggers strong emotional responses.
D)   Punishment may be modeled by children as a way of solving problems.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Research into the debate on the role of media violence on children suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)   media violence contributes to increased aggression among children but not adults.
B)   media violence contributes to increased aggression among adults but not children.
C)   media violence contributes to increased aggression among children and adults.
D)   no conclusion as to the cause and effect relationship between media violence and aggression because the majority of the studies have been correlational.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

It often helps an individual comply with a behavior modification program if he signs a written agreement outlining a promise to adhere to the contingencies of a behavior modification program.This type of agreement is referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral contract.
B)   reinforcement contract.
C)   operant agreement.
D)   behavior modification agreement.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)   approval
B)   food
C)   a toy for a child
D)   moneyE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 12

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like.Based on principles of observational learning,in the future whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like,the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   yell at his mother
B)   yell at his sister
C)   go and tell his father what the mother said
D)   yell at his fatherE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

According to Skinner,if an event following a response leads to a decrease in an organism's tendency to make that response,reinforcement has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Mariah developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer.This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water.She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip,however,as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again.This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction.
B)   second-order conditioning.
C)   stimulus generalization.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

In classical conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes the ____________________ stimulus because of its association with the ____________________ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

conditione...

Question 16

In the Featured Study on modeling and behavior by Bandura,Ross and Ross the results suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)   observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior leads to positive consequences.
B)   observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior leads to negative consequences.
C)   observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior is preceded by positive consequences.
D)   observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior is completed in front of the child live; not on tv.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

The initial stage of learning a response is called

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction.
B)   contiguity.
C)   acquisition.
D)   conditioning.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets.The rat is pressing the lever at a slow,steady rate,but it does not stop,even when a food pellet is delivered.In this example,the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Accepted Answer

A)   a variable-ratio schedule.
B)   a fixed-interval schedule.
C)   a variable-interval schedule.
D)   a fixed-ratio schedule.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Many people find it hard to "walk away from" or stop playing a slot machine.This is because slot machines reward playing on a ____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed ratio
B)   variable ratio
C)   fixed interval
D)   variable intervalE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)   laughing at a classmate when he asks a "dumb question" in class
B)   nagging a child until she pick up her toys
C)   taking away a child's TV privileges for one week for a bad report card
D)   making a child sit in the corner for 10 minutes for back-talkE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Exam 6: Learning

Many people find it hard to "walk away from" or stop playing a slot machine.This is because slot machines reward playing on a ____ schedule.

Correct Answer
verified

According to Martin Seligman,preparedness involves a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Correct Answer
verified

According to Skinner,if an event following a response leads to a decrease in an organism's tendency to make that response,reinforcement has occurred.

Correct Answer
verified

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like.Based on principles of observational learning,in the future whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like,the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment.

Correct Answer
verified
In general,reinforcement causes response...
View Answer

The initial stage of learning a response is called

Correct Answer
verified

Sally developed a fear of balconies after almost falling from a balcony on a couple of occasions.What was the conditioned response?

Correct Answer
verified

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box,a steep slope in the line indicates

Correct Answer
verified

Social critics have expressed concern about the amount of violence on television since TV became popular and the majority of research into the impact of media violence on behavior has focused on the role of ____________________ learning.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment?

Correct Answer
verified

In the Featured Study on modeling and behavior by Bandura,Ross and Ross the results suggest that

Correct Answer
verified

It often helps an individual comply with a behavior modification program if he signs a written agreement outlining a promise to adhere to the contingencies of a behavior modification program.This type of agreement is referred to as a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Research into the debate on the role of media violence on children suggests that

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning a conditioned association is formed between a previously neutral,conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Correct Answer
verified

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets.The rat is pressing the lever at a slow,steady rate,but it does not stop,even when a food pellet is delivered.In this example,the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes the stimulus because of its association with the stimulus.

Correct Answer
verified
conditione...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about punishment is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Learning

Many people find it hard to "walk away from" or stop playing a slot machine.This is because slot machines reward playing on a ____ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Martin Seligman,preparedness involves a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Skinner,if an event following a response leads to a decrease in an organism's tendency to make that response,reinforcement has occurred.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like.Based on principles of observational learning,in the future whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like,the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn general,reinforcement causes response...View AnswerShow Answer

The initial stage of learning a response is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sally developed a fear of balconies after almost falling from a balcony on a couple of occasions.What was the conditioned response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box,a steep slope in the line indicates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social critics have expressed concern about the amount of violence on television since TV became popular and the majority of research into the impact of media violence on behavior has focused on the role of ____________________ learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Featured Study on modeling and behavior by Bandura,Ross and Ross the results suggest that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It often helps an individual comply with a behavior modification program if he signs a written agreement outlining a promise to adhere to the contingencies of a behavior modification program.This type of agreement is referred to as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research into the debate on the role of media violence on children suggests that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning a conditioned association is formed between a previously neutral,conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets.The rat is pressing the lever at a slow,steady rate,but it does not stop,even when a food pellet is delivered.In this example,the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes the ____________________ stimulus because of its association with the ____________________ stimulus.

Correct Answerverifiedconditione...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about punishment is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
In general,reinforcement causes response...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes the stimulus because of its association with the stimulus.

Correct Answer
verified
conditione...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified