Question 1

A blastomere is a ________ and a blastocyst is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hollow ball of cells; a cell resulting from cleavage
B)  fetal organ produced by cleavage; an embryonic organ produced by cleavage
C)  fetal membrane; an embryonic membrane
D)  cell produced by cleavage; a hollow ball of cellsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

A pregnant woman wants to know the approximate day her child was conceived. She knows the date of the start of her last menstrual period was March 4th. What does she need to do to calculate the date of conception from this point?

Accepted Answer

A)  Add 38 weeks to that date
B)  Add 14 days to that date
C)  Add 7 days to that date
D)  She can't calculate the conception date with that information, only the expected due dateE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

The yolk sac

Accepted Answer

A)  forms blood cells in early development.
B)  provides nutrients to the fetus when the umbilical cord is disconnected.
C)  stores metabolic wastes until the fetus is born.
D)  gives rise to the primary germ layers.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Upon examination of a zygote, a developmental biologist discovers that it possesses 69 chromosomes. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The zygote resulted from polyspermy (multiple fertilizations of the same oocyte) by two sperm cells
B)  The zygote is a normal, healthy diploid zygote
C)  Either the sperm or the egg received an extra chromosome as the result of a meiotic error
D)  Either the sperm or the egg received an extra sex chromosome as the result of a meiotic errorE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 5

The fetal blood that passes through the ductus venosus is relatively

Accepted Answer

A)  low in oxygen and nutrients.
B)  high in oxygen and nutrients.
C)  low in oxygen but high in nutrients.
D)  high in oxygen but low in nutrients.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

The fertilized ovum is also called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fertilized ovum is also called a(n)________....

Question 7

Compared to adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

A)  binds iron more strongly.
B)  has more hemoglobin subunits.
C)  binds oxygen more readily.
D)  has more heme units.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 8

If a pregnant woman becomes infected with the Varicella (chicken pox)virus during the embryonic stage, the fetus can develop eye problems, mental retardation, and delayed growth. The Varicella virus is a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a pregnant woman becomes infected with...

Question 9

Jeremy cannot ejaculate because of an injury he sustained in a car accident. An assisted reproductive technology that might help him to become a biological father is

Accepted Answer

A)  intrauterine insemination using donor sperm.
B)  gamete interfallopian transfer.
C)  intracytoplasmic sperm injection using his sperm into his partner's secondary oocyte.
D)  a surrogate mother.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

The pharmaceutical drug RU-486, typically used to treat Cushing's disease, is also sometimes used for medical abortions. RU-486 blocks progesterone production and its binding to receptors in the reproductive tract. Why would this affect pregnancy and embryonic growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Progesterone stops the corpus luteum from degrading. Without the corpus luteum, hCG (responsible for uterine growth and development) cannot be produced.
B)  Progesterone stimulates release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Without aldosterone, fluid is lost through the kidneys and causes high blood pressure in the uterus, which is fatal to the fetus.
C)  Progesterone maintains the endometrium and prevents it from breaking down and shedding in a normal menstrual period. It also assists in stopping uterine contractions until birth.
D)  Progesterone stimulates the ovaries to produce LH, which then causes hCG production. Production of hCG is needed to inhibit pituitary FSH secretion, which induces menstrual periods.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to move from the

Accepted Answer

A)  right atrium into the left atrium.
B)  left atrium into the right atrium.
C)  aorta into the pulmonary trunk.
D)  pulmonary trunk into the aorta.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Sperm movement through the uterus and uterine tubes is aided by muscle contractions of the uterine walls and ________ in the semen.

Accepted Answer

A)  estrogen
B)  progestins
C)  prostaglandins
D)  epinephrineE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Passive aging is

Accepted Answer

A)  a result of a person being much less active in later years.
B)  decay of tissues.
C)  a breakdown of structures and slowing of functions.
D)  a buildup of structures and speeding of functions.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Prior to the joining (fusion) of the nuclei of the sperm and egg to form a zygote, each nucleus is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A)  prenucelus.
B)  mononucleus.
C)  pronucleus.
D)  gametocyte.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Hydrogen peroxide is a natural byproduct of cellular metabolism in the human body. It sometimes reacts with certain ions in the body to produce a very reactive, electron-grabbing form of hydroxide (OH-) that has been observed to kill healthy cells in vitro. This product can be considered a

Accepted Answer

A)  free radical.
B)  mutation.
C)  teratogen.
D)  catalyst.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Teratogens are substances that

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate embryonic growth.
B)  cause congenital malformations.
C)  protect against infections.
D)  cause genetic disease.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Embryonic stem cells are derived from the

Accepted Answer

A)  outer cell mass of the morula.
B)  inner cell mass of the blastocyst.
C)  middle layer of the zygote.
D)  trophoblast.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

The umbilical cord contains two umbilical veins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A major body part derived from endoderm is

Accepted Answer

A)  the epithelial lining of the digestive tract.
B)  the muscles.
C)  the epidermis of the skin.
D)  nervous tissue.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 23: Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Upon examination of a zygote, a developmental biologist discovers that it possesses 69 chromosomes. What does this indicate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fertilized ovum is also called a(n)________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Teratogens are substances that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hydrogen peroxide is a natural byproduct of cellular metabolism in the human body. It sometimes reacts with certain ions in the body to produce a very reactive, electron-grabbing form of hydroxide (OH-) that has been observed to kill healthy cells in vitro. This product can be considered a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a pregnant woman becomes infected with the Varicella (chicken pox)virus during the embryonic stage, the fetus can develop eye problems, mental retardation, and delayed growth. The Varicella virus is a(n)________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A blastomere is a ________ and a blastocyst is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pharmaceutical drug RU-486, typically used to treat Cushing's disease, is also sometimes used for medical abortions. RU-486 blocks progesterone production and its binding to receptors in the reproductive tract. Why would this affect pregnancy and embryonic growth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pregnant woman wants to know the approximate day her child was conceived. She knows the date of the start of her last menstrual period was March 4th. What does she need to do to calculate the date of conception from this point?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fetal blood that passes through the ductus venosus is relatively

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jeremy cannot ejaculate because of an injury he sustained in a car accident. An assisted reproductive technology that might help him to become a biological father is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Embryonic stem cells are derived from the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prior to the joining (fusion) of the nuclei of the sperm and egg to form a zygote, each nucleus is referred to as a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Passive aging is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The yolk sac

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major body part derived from endoderm is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to move from the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sperm movement through the uterus and uterine tubes is aided by muscle contractions of the uterine walls and ________ in the semen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The umbilical cord contains two umbilical veins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A blastomere is a and a blastocyst is .

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