Question 1

Learning that involves changes in the magnitude of responses to a specific stimulus is referred to as ____ learning.This type of learning does not involve the formation of connections between stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonassociative
B)  associative
C)  observational
D)  operantE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning generally works best with involuntary,reflexive behaviors;operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors.
B)  Operant conditioning generally works best with involuntary,reflexive behaviors;classical conditioning involves voluntary behaviors.
C)  In contrast to classical conditioning,operant conditioning leads to a relatively permanent behavioral change.
D)  In contrast to operant conditioning,classical conditioning leads to a relatively permanent behavioral change.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following approaches would B.F.Skinner recommend to reduce an undesirable behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Offering candy to persuade a child to stop having a tantrum in the grocery store
B)  Standing by but ignoring a child who is having a tantrum in the grocery store
C)  Immediately removing a child from the grocery store when he or she is having a tantrum
D)  Threatening to leave the child behind at the grocery store when he or she is having a tantrumE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

As a gate creaks open,Oscar the puppy notices a cat heading into his yard.The cat hisses and scratches Oscar on the nose,causing Oscar to yelp in pain.Which outcome to this scenario portrays discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Now when Oscar sees the cat who scratched his nose he runs away,but he feels comfortable with the cat with whom he shares a home.
B)  Now when Oscar sees a cat or small dog coming toward him,he immediately begins to yelp in pain.
C)  Now whenever Oscar sees a cat,including the cat in his own home,he runs away.
D)  Now when Oscar hears a gate creak,regardless of who is coming through it,he runs away.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Acquiring a prejudice,being creative,and schizophrenia-based loosened associations may reflect which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Desensitization
B)  Latent inhibition
C)  Counterconditioning
D)  PreparednessE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Greg,who mainly drank coffee when out with friends,recently quit drinking coffee.However,each time he visits a bar or restaurant with his friends,he has the strong urge to drink a cup of coffee.This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent inhibition
B)  spontaneous recovery
C)  habituation
D)  observational learningE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following would decrease the likelihood of acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  The unconditioned stimulus is presented long after the conditioned stimulus.
B)  The unconditioned stimulus is presented shortly after the conditioned stimulus.
C)  The conditioned stimulus evokes an emotional response in the participant.
D)  The unconditioned stimulus evokes a negative response in the participant.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  habituative learning
B)  nonassociative learning
C)  classical conditioning
D)  operant conditioningE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Elissa,a college freshman,finds that she is starting to smoke,a habit she never had before.She would like to stop smoking now,before the habit becomes too ingrained,but she really enjoys her few cigarettes each day,particularly with coffee after dinner when she relaxes with her friends.She also enjoys a few cigarettes later in the evening if she gets stressed writing a paper or completing an assignment.
Using principles of operant conditioning,describe steps that Elissa could take to stop smoking now.Be sure to consider possible reinforcers or punishers that are influencing her current smoking patterns,changes she might make,and appropriate consequences to reinforce new behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The text provides an example of breaking...

Question 10

When is the matching law most applicable?

Accepted Answer

A)  When one is creating a fixed ratio schedule
B)  When one must choose between classical or operant conditioning
C)  When one is forced to choose a form of punishment,both of which are unpleasant
D)  When one is exposed to at least two schedules of reinforcementE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 11

If people are continuously exposed to an unchanging stimulus that they know will not cause them harm,they will be most likely to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  tolerate the stimulus
B)  control their reflexes
C)  form an association with the stimulus
D)  habituate to the stimulusE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Derek is frustrated that his 1½-year-old dog does not let him know when he needs to go outside to urinate.Sometimes he comes home to find a mess near the door.Which training method is most likely to be successful?

Accepted Answer

A)  Derek takes his dog outside on a fixed schedule and gives him a treat when they return to the house,whether he urinated or not.
B)  Derek takes his dog over to the mess,puts the dog's nose near it so he smells it,and tells him "bad dog,don't do this again!"
C)  If Derek comes home and finds a mess by the door,he ignores his dog for an hour.
D)  Derek takes his dog outside on a fixed schedule and promptly gives him a treat for urinating outside.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Psychologists like B.F.Skinner have studied how we can use operant conditioning to change the behavior of people and animals.Drawing on your personal experience,choose a person or animal whose behavior you want to change.(You may select your own behavior for this question if you wish. )How could you use operant conditioning to change the behavior of this person or animal?
In a multi-paragraph essay,describe your plan to change this behavior.Be sure to mention what type of reinforcer and reinforcement schedule you would use and explain why you made those particular choices.Include information from class materials,readings,and research on operant conditioning to support your discussion.

Accepted Answer

I would like to change my own behavior o...

Question 14

Based on the findings of Garcia and Koelling,which type of stimuli would be most effective for training birds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Visual stimuli
B)  Aromatic stimuli
C)  Tactile stimuli
D)  Audible stimuliE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Jenna,who is recovering from drug addiction,attends counseling sessions so that she will no longer associate the sight of a needle and syringe with an expected drug effect.During the counseling sessions,Jenna handles a syringe without receiving any drugs as her counselor pairs a new signal with the sight of the syringe: a favorite song of Jenna's.The method used here illustrates the use of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction
B)  an inhibitory conditioned stimulus
C)  an excitatory unconditioned stimulus
D)  cognitive mappingE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following methods of behavior modification adheres to the Premack Principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Knowing his daughter loves to ride her bike,Miguel states: "You can ride your bike as soon as you clean your room."
B)  Donna comes home to find that her dog has chewed her expensive new shoes and yells: "Bad dog."
C)  Knowing his daughter loves to ride her bike,Miguel states: "You didn't clean your room today,so no bike riding for you this weekend."
D)  Donna makes a loud noise each time her dog approaches her shoes;causing him to veer away.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following behavioral changes best illustrates the process of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evan,age 2 months,just started to smile at his parents.
B)  Daniel,age 36,sees an attractive woman,which causes his pupils to dilate.
C)  Claire,age 8,practices treading water so that she will be allowed to swim in her grandmother's swimming pool.
D)  Nathan,age 11,quickly withdrawals his hand from the hot oven as the heat begins to burn his skin.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

The rats involved in Skinner's research boxes learned to press levers for food through the process of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping
B)  latent learning
C)  cognitive mapping
D)  chainingE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement is referred to as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning
B)  endogenous cognition
C)  higher order conditioning
D)  self enhancementE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

What delays the process of extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The continuous reinforcement effect
B)  The partial reinforcement effect
C)  The inhibitory reinforcement effect
D)  The arbitrary reinforcement effectE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Exam 8: The Adaptive Mind Learning

Based on the findings of Garcia and Koelling,which type of stimuli would be most effective for training birds?

Correct Answer
verified

Acquiring a prejudice,being creative,and schizophrenia-based loosened associations may reflect which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would decrease the likelihood of acquisition?

Correct Answer
verified

If people are continuously exposed to an unchanging stimulus that they know will not cause them harm,they will be most likely to ____.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The text provides an example of breaking...
View Answer

Which of the following approaches would B.F.Skinner recommend to reduce an undesirable behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
I would like to change my own behavior o...
View Answer

Greg,who mainly drank coffee when out with friends,recently quit drinking coffee.However,each time he visits a bar or restaurant with his friends,he has the strong urge to drink a cup of coffee.This is an example of ____.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When is the matching law most applicable?

Correct Answer
verified

Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement is referred to as ____.

Correct Answer
verified

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as ____.

Correct Answer
verified

As a gate creaks open,Oscar the puppy notices a cat heading into his yard.The cat hisses and scratches Oscar on the nose,causing Oscar to yelp in pain.Which outcome to this scenario portrays discrimination?

Correct Answer
verified

Learning that involves changes in the magnitude of responses to a specific stimulus is referred to as ____ learning.This type of learning does not involve the formation of connections between stimuli.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following methods of behavior modification adheres to the Premack Principle?

Correct Answer
verified

What delays the process of extinction?

Correct Answer
verified

Derek is frustrated that his 1½-year-old dog does not let him know when he needs to go outside to urinate.Sometimes he comes home to find a mess near the door.Which training method is most likely to be successful?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following behavioral changes best illustrates the process of learning?

Correct Answer
verified

What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

The rats involved in Skinner's research boxes learned to press levers for food through the process of ____.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: The Adaptive Mind Learning

Based on the findings of Garcia and Koelling,which type of stimuli would be most effective for training birds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acquiring a prejudice,being creative,and schizophrenia-based loosened associations may reflect which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would decrease the likelihood of acquisition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If people are continuously exposed to an unchanging stimulus that they know will not cause them harm,they will be most likely to ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThe text provides an example of breaking...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following approaches would B.F.Skinner recommend to reduce an undesirable behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AII would like to change my own behavior o...View AnswerShow Answer

Greg,who mainly drank coffee when out with friends,recently quit drinking coffee.However,each time he visits a bar or restaurant with his friends,he has the strong urge to drink a cup of coffee.This is an example of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When is the matching law most applicable?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement is referred to as ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a gate creaks open,Oscar the puppy notices a cat heading into his yard.The cat hisses and scratches Oscar on the nose,causing Oscar to yelp in pain.Which outcome to this scenario portrays discrimination?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning that involves changes in the magnitude of responses to a specific stimulus is referred to as ____ learning.This type of learning does not involve the formation of connections between stimuli.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following methods of behavior modification adheres to the Premack Principle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What delays the process of extinction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Derek is frustrated that his 1½-year-old dog does not let him know when he needs to go outside to urinate.Sometimes he comes home to find a mess near the door.Which training method is most likely to be successful?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following behavioral changes best illustrates the process of learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rats involved in Skinner's research boxes learned to press levers for food through the process of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The text provides an example of breaking...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
I would like to change my own behavior o...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified