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In what ways was the Zhou dynasty the foundation for Chinese thought and society?

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In the Rig Veda,the following lines relate to the sacrifice of the primeval being Purusha: "The brahmin was his mouth,of both his arms was the kshatriya made.His thighs became the vaishya;from his feet the shudra was produced." What do these words mean? What is the significance of the association with the various body parts? What does the preeminence of a god such as Indra say about the Aryans at the time of their arrival in India? What happened to the view of Indra as India evolved?

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The Shang rulers were strengthened by their control over the technological advantage of


A) iron.
B) bronze.
C) tin.
D) copper.
E) steel.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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How are the Upanishads different from the Vedas? What might these differences tell us about the evolution of Indian religious thought?

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The powerful southern rival to the Zhou were the


A) Xia.
B) Yangzi.
C) Chu.
D) Huang He.
E) Yu.

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Vedic society was


A) strongly matriarchal.
B) marked by equality of the sexes.
C) strongly patriarchal.
D) alternately patriarchal and matriarchal depending upon which god was in power.
E) strongly patriarchal until the creation of the Lawbook of Manu changed gender rules.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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One of the earliest attempts to organize public life in China on a large scale occurred during the


A) Shang dynasty.
B) Yangshao culture.
C) Xia dynasty.
D) Zhou dynasty.
E) Banpo period.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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The Aryans were


A) the priestly class of the Harappan society.
B) Chinese merchants.
C) the political remnants of the Harappan kings.
D) Indo-Europeans.
E) Germanic invaders.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Examine the political world of ancient India.Why was India politically fragmented? How did this lack of political unity influence the course of Indian history?

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The political world of ancient India was...

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The chief god of the early Aryans was


A) Enlil.
B) a mother goddess.
C) Varuna.
D) Indra.
E) Manu.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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Mohenjo-daro was


A) the mother goddess of the earliest Indian society.
B) an important early thinker in the rise of Hinduism.
C) one of the two main cities of the Harappan society.
D) a collection of early Indian religious texts.
E) the combination of two Indian sun gods.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The Aryans referred to social classes by the term


A) karmas.
B) varnas.
C) moksha.
D) samsara.
E) rajas.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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The Indo-Europeans who entered India called themselves Aryans,which means


A) "agents of the lord king."
B) "horse masters."
C) "noble ones."
D) "people of Indra."
E) "the pure."

F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

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Which dynasty laid the foundation for principles of government and political legitimacy?


A) Xia
B) Zhou
C) Shang
D) Qin
E) Yangshao

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Aryans used the term varnas to refer to the major social classes.

A) True
B) False

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Because the Aryans did not have a state or common government but,rather,formed herding community chiefdoms,they


A) sometimes fought ferociously among themselves.
B) often fought the Dravidians,but only with unmounted cavalry.
C) lived quietly among themselves with little conflict.
D) reduced their competition for resources.
E) started forming village fiefdoms.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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In ancient China,which group presided at the rites and ceremonies honoring ancestors' spirits?


A) members of the official priesthood
B) women representing the nurturing earth goddess
C) the Buddhist hierarchy
D) the patriarchal heads of the families
E) Shinto priests

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Examine the Xia and Shang dynasties.What influence did these early dynasties have on later Chinese history?

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In what fundamental ways was the mandate of heaven different from other governmental systems in the ancient world? What were the limitations of the mandate of heaven?

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The mandate of heaven was a unique conce...

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Some scholars believe that,after the collapse of the Harappan society,Harappan deities


A) disappeared completely.
B) quickly became the only gods of the Indo-Europeans.
C) survived and found a place in the Hindu pantheon.
D) survived in southeast Asia after the Harappan migration.
E) were transformed into destructive dragons by the Aryans.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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