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The experiential effect is the extent to which previous experience affects individuals' perceptions of how severe criminal punishment will be when deciding whether or not to offend again.

A) True
B) False

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According to the Minneapolis,Minnesota,study,of the top 10 locations police were called,half were ______.


A) bars or places alcohol was served
B) malls
C) vacant house
D) bus depots

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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All of the following are considered formal controls or sanctions EXCEPT:


A) community acceptance
B) courts
C) jail or prison
D) law enforcement

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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What is the experiential effect? Give an example.Can this effect be combated or changed,and if so,how?

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Extent to which previous experience affe...

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Studies that collect data primarily from one point in time are known as cross-sectional studies.

A) True
B) False

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How can increased lighting be considered a form of guardianship?

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Having increased lighting prot...

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Aggregate studies have shown evidence that an increased certainty of punishment was associated with ______ crime for most serious offenses.


A) more
B) no change in
C) less

D) None of the above
E) A) and B)

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Explain lifestyles theory.

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The lifestyles theory claims that indivi...

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Robert Martinson's review of ______ concluded that "nothing works" because offending was not reduced.


A) corrections
B) courts
C) rehabilitative programs
D) criminal justice systems

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following are far less likely to be victimized?


A) males
B) young males
C) elderly
D) None of these

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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