Question 1

Four-year old Nathan is good at stacking his playing blocks to make tall structures. However, he still knocks them over occasionally. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A)   His gross motor skills are deficient.
B)   He tries to place each block perfectly on top of the other, upsetting those already stacked.
C)   His coordination skills are not developing normally for his age.
D)   He is showing signs of dyslexia.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following statements about brain development and early childhood is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   The development that occurs inside the brain ends at the onset of adolescence.
B)   By the time a child is 3 years of age, the brain is 25 percent of its adult size.
C)   The overall size of the brain does not increase dramatically from ages 3 to 15.
D)   The brain of a 5-year-old is 60 percent the size of an adult brain.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

It is only by age 7 that children begin to recognize all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   there can be more than one correct opinions on an issue.
B)   people's behaviors do not necessarily reflect their thoughts and feelings.
C)   people have different interpretations of the same event.
D)   people can have ambivalent feelings.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The realization that people can have false beliefs develops in a majority of children by the time they are _____ years old.

Accepted Answer

A)   2
B)   3
C)   4
D)   5E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Deaths in young children due to HIV/AIDS especially occur in countries:

Accepted Answer

A)   in the northern hemisphere.
B)   with high rates of poverty and low levels of education.
C)   where other common children's health problems like malnutrition do not exist.
D)   where the society is affluent.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 6

List three ways that Lev Vygotsky's theory can be incorporated in classrooms.

Accepted Answer

Some of the ways that Vygotsky's theory ...

Question 7

In the _____ substage, children use scribble designs to represent people, houses, cars, clouds, and so on.

Accepted Answer

A)   formal operational
B)   intuitive thought
C)   concrete operational
D)   symbolic functionE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

_____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or other aspect of the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)   Salient
B)   Relevant
C)   Executive
D)   SustainedE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Sharon, 3, can solve 4-piece jigsaw puzzles on her own, but needs her parents' help to solve 6-piece jigsaw puzzles. Which of the following represents the upper limit of Sharon's zone of proximal development (ZPD)  for solving such puzzles?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sharon moving on to 10-piece puzzles
B)   Sharon solving a 6-piece puzzle on her own
C)   Sharon helping her 2-year old brother with 4-piece puzzles
D)   Sharon mastering 4-piece puzzlesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Nurturing is a key aspect of the _____, which emphasizes the education of the whole child and concern for his/her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

Accepted Answer

A)   child-centered kindergarten
B)   Montessori approach
C)   developmentally appropriate practice
D)   Reggio Emilia approachE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 11

_____ attention involves action planning, allocating attention to goals, error detection and compensation, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with novel or difficult circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A)   Salient
B)   Relevant
C)   Executive
D)   SustainedE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   animism
B)   empathy
C)   egocentrism
D)   symbolismE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)  is Vygotsky's term for:

Accepted Answer

A)   a young adult's cognitive development achieved through interaction with children.
B)   the variety of work that a child can do with ease at a particular stage of cognitive development.
C)   how the environment and a child's genetically programmed learning ability interact during a critical period.
D)   the range of tasks difficult for a child to master alone but that can be learned with help from adults.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

The second Piagetian stage of development is the preoperational stage, which lasts from approximately _____ years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)   1 to 3
B)   2 to 7
C)   4 to 10
D)   5 to 12E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

What are the criticisms of the Montessori approach to early education? Based on the text and in class discussion, do you agree with these criticisms?

Accepted Answer

Critics of the Montessori approach belie...

Question 16

Identify the factors that can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory.

Accepted Answer

Several factors can influence the accura...

Question 17

The awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The awareness of one's own mental processes...

Question 18

Which of the following educational strategies would Vygotsky say should be incorporated into the classroom?

Accepted Answer

A)   Making each child responsible for his/her work, without relying on peers or teachers for support
B)   Formal, standardized tests to assess children's learning
C)   Discouraging distractions like self-talk or private talk
D)   Offering just enough assistance to the child to accomplish the taskE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Ethan, age 4, reasons that every time he sees a lightning bolt in the sky, angels are turning on their flashlights. Ethan's primitive reasoning about lightning is characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

A)   symbolic function.
B)   intuitive thought.
C)   egocentrism.
D)   centration.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 20

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and the perspective of another.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The inability to distinguish between one's own...

Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

The second Piagetian stage of development is the preoperational stage, which lasts from approximately _____ years of age.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the _____ substage, children use scribble designs to represent people, houses, cars, clouds, and so on.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List three ways that Lev Vygotsky's theory can be incorporated in classrooms.

Correct AnswerverifiedSome of the ways that Vygotsky's theory ...View AnswerShow Answer

The awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the criticisms of the Montessori approach to early education? Based on the text and in class discussion, do you agree with these criticisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedCritics of the Montessori approach belie...View AnswerShow Answer

Deaths in young children due to HIV/AIDS especially occur in countries:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following educational strategies would Vygotsky say should be incorporated into the classroom?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The realization that people can have false beliefs develops in a majority of children by the time they are _____ years old.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Zone of proximal development (ZPD) is Vygotsky's term for:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Four-year old Nathan is good at stacking his playing blocks to make tall structures. However, he still knocks them over occasionally. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is only by age 7 that children begin to recognize all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or other aspect of the environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and the perspective of another.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ attention involves action planning, allocating attention to goals, error detection and compensation, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with novel or difficult circumstances.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about brain development and early childhood is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ethan, age 4, reasons that every time he sees a lightning bolt in the sky, angels are turning on their flashlights. Ethan's primitive reasoning about lightning is characteristic of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the factors that can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedSeveral factors can influence the accura...View AnswerShow Answer

Sharon, 3, can solve 4-piece jigsaw puzzles on her own, but needs her parents' help to solve 6-piece jigsaw puzzles. Which of the following represents the upper limit of Sharon's zone of proximal development (ZPD) for solving such puzzles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nurturing is a key aspect of the _____, which emphasizes the education of the whole child and concern for his/her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Some of the ways that Vygotsky's theory ...
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Critics of the Montessori approach belie...
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Several factors can influence the accura...
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