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Many of the so-called scalawags were former Southern ________.

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During Reconstruction,the Southern school system


A) eventually reached 40 percent of all black children.
B) did not allow blacks to be teachers.
C) initially were not segregated.
D) only offered primary instruction.
E) barely reached any children of former slaves.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The Treaty of Washington was negotiated between the United States and ________.

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The Democratic presidential candidate in 1876 won a majority of the popular vote,but he did not win the presidency.

A) True
B) False

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Assess the presidency of Ulysses S.Grant.

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In the final days of the Civil War,President Abraham Lincoln


A) insisted that the Confederacy had no legal right to exist.
B) argued it best to readmit the Confederate states to the Union without condition.
C) called on the Confederacy to negotiate a peace treaty with the United States.
D) met with Jefferson Davis in Richmond,Virginia.
E) declared that the Confederate government must repudiate its constitution.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Compare and describe the status of Southern African Americans in 1861 with their status in 1876.

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In the South as a whole,the percentage of black officeholders during Reconstruction was always far lower than the percentage of blacks in the population.

A) True
B) False

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All of the following were involved in scandals during the Grant administration EXCEPT


A) President Ulysses Grant.
B) Secretary of War William Belknap.
C) Vice President Schuyler Colfax.
D) Treasury Secretary Benjamin Bristow.
E) None of these answers is correct; all were involved in scandals.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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During Reconstruction,the term scalawags referred to


A) Southern white Republicans.
B) free black Southerners.
C) Southerners who moved north.
D) white Southerners who still embraced their former affiliation with the Confederacy.
E) Northerners who moved south.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Lincoln wanted ex-Confederate states admitted to the Union when ________ percent of a state's white voters took a loyalty oath.

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Despite defeat in the Civil War,white landownership actually increased during Reconstruction.

A) True
B) False

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Black sharecropping


A) represented a continuation of the pre-Civil War gang-labor system.
B) differed sharply from the tenant system.
C) usually led to economic independence.
D) was a very common occupation of former slaves.
E) involved close white supervision,which recalled the days of slavery.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech,Booker T.Washington


A) called for political and civil rights for black Americans.
B) criticized the federal government for abandoning Southern blacks.
C) argued that blacks should honor their African forebears.
D) stated that blacks should give up in seeking equality with whites.
E) called for tacit acceptance of the emerging system of racial segregation.

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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As a result of the Supreme Court's ruling in Ex parte Milligan,Radical Republicans


A) reduced the number of justices on the Court.
B) established military tribunals in additional Southern states.
C) proposed abolishing the Court.
D) tempered many of their Reconstruction plans.
E) ended military tribunals in favor of civil courts.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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"Seward's Folly" refers to the American purchase of ________.

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Why has the presidency of Andrew Johnson generally been considered a failure by historians?

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Tenant farming increased significantly in the South in the two decades following Reconstruction.

A) True
B) False

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In the 1890s,voting percentages in the South


A) increased for blacks only.
B) increased for whites only.
C) declined for blacks only.
D) increased for whites and declined for blacks.
E) decreased for whites and blacks.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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The congressional elections of 1866 resulted in a resounding victory for the Republicans.

A) True
B) False

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