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Before 1860,compared to Irish immigrants to the United States,German immigrants


A) generally arrived with more money.
B) were less likely to migrate as entire families.
C) were more likely to remain in eastern cities.
D) came in greater numbers.
E) generally moved on to the Southeast.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements regarding American railroads in the 1850s is FALSE?


A) Railroads helped weaken the connection between the Northwest and the South.
B) Railroads supplanted all other forms of transportation.
C) Long distance rail lines weakened the dependence of the West on the Mississippi River.
D) Chicago was the railroad center of the West.
E) Private investors provided nearly all the capital for rail development.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The Massachusetts court case of Commonwealth v.Hunt (1842) declared that


A) labor unions were lawful organizations.
B) labor strikes were illegal.
C) child labor laws were unconstitutional.
D) minimum wage laws were a restraint on trade.
E) unions must admit working women as members.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Virtually all of the early craft unions excluded women,even though female workers were numerous in almost every industry.

A) True
B) False

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In 1860,the percentage of the population in free states living in towns (places of 2,500 people or more) was


A) 7 percent.
B) 13 percent.
C) 26 percent.
D) 39 percent.
E) 42 percent.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The pre-Civil War "cult of domesticity" left women increasingly detached from the public world.

A) True
B) False

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The United States military was a center for innovations in new machine tools and industry.

A) True
B) False

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Prior to 1860,class conflict in the United States


A) increased as most of the working class dropped down the economic ladder.
B) increased as the gap between the wealthy and the poor widened.
C) was limited by a high degree of mobility within the working class.
D) decreased as immigration diversified society.
E) increased as a result of geographical mobility.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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How did the emergence of the factory system change the face of American labor during the first half of the nineteenth century?

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In 1860,the typical white male American of the Old Northwest (today's Midwest) was


A) the owner of a family farm.
B) a marginal farmer.
C) a farmhand who did not own his own land.
D) an industrial worker.
E) an urban artisan.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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By the 1840s,much of American grain production had become mechanized.

A) True
B) False

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The advent of the telegraph prompted newspaper publishers to share their reporting.

A) True
B) False

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Commonwealth v.Hunt was a Massachusetts Supreme Court case that declared that labor unions were lawful organizations.

A) True
B) False

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Immigration contributed little to the American population in the first three decades of the nineteenth century.

A) True
B) False

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Prior to 1860,most rural Americans were uninterested in contact with the outside world.

A) True
B) False

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The fastest-growing group in America prior to the Civil War was the working poor.

A) True
B) False

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