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According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,how long does phase 1 last?


A) From 10 to 18 months
B) From birth to 2 months
C) From 2 to 7 months
D) From 18 to 24 months

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Fathers engage in more _____ than mothers do.


A) peek-a-boo games
B) reciprocal socialization
C) rough-and-tumble play
D) pat-a-cake games

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Quimby,15 months old,looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come to her home.Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice.Quimby is engaging in:


A) social checking.
B) social scoping.
C) social referencing.
D) social validation.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Mary often plays the game peek-a-boo with her baby.Initially,Mary covers her baby and then removes the cover,registering "surprise" at the baby's reappearance.After a time,her baby does the covering and uncovering.This is an example of:


A) object permanence.
B) scaffolding.
C) attachment.
D) sociability.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements regarding paternal caregiving is FALSE?


A) Stay-at-home fathers were as satisfied with their marriage as traditional parents.
B) Fathers tended to be ostracized when they took their children to playgrounds.
C) Fathers have the ability to act as sensitively and responsively as mothers with their infants.
D) Paternal interactions usually center on child-care activities,such as feeding,changing diapers,and bathing.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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When a mother plays peek-a-boo with her baby she moves from covering the baby and saying "peek-a-boo" to covering her own eyes and saying it.This illustrates:


A) sociability.
B) scaffolding.
C) emotionality.
D) disorganized attachment.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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When people become parents through pregnancy,adoption,or step-parenting,they face _____ and must adapt.


A) equilibrium
B) disturbance
C) disequilibrium
D) symmetry

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Describe the emotional regulation and coping techniques that infants develop over the initial years.

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During the first year of life,the infant...

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What is the significant finding of Harlow's experiments on monkeys reared by surrogate mothers?


A) Contact comfort is not the crucial element in the attachment process.
B) Feeding is the crucial element in the attachment process.
C) Contact comfort is the crucial element in the attachment process.
D) Feeding and contact comfort are equally important in the attachment process.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Researchers are discovering that infants are more socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than previously envisioned.In which aspect is this sophistication and insight reflected?


A) In infants' perceptions of others' actions as intentionally motivated and goal-directed
B) In infants' awareness of their selves as an independent entity
C) In infants' development of more finely refined sensory perceptions,such as vision and hearing
D) In infants' ability to manipulate objects in an effective manner

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Identify the attachment classification that is characterized by the infants' behaviors in the Strange Situation.These infants engage in little interaction with the caregiver,are not upset when the caregiver leaves the room,and do not reestablish contact with the caregiver upon reunion.

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Insecure a...

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Erik Erikson describes the second stage of personality development as the stage of _____ versus shame and doubt.


A) curiosity
B) dependence
C) autonomy
D) fear

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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According to Freud,infants become attached to the person or object:


A) that is perceived to be a non-stranger.
B) that provides physical comfort.
C) that provides oral satisfaction.
D) that provides a sense of trust.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following observations about social orientation of infants is FALSE?


A) As early as two to three months of age,infants show more negative emotions when their caregivers are still and unresponsive.
B) The frequency of face-to-face play decreases after seven months of age as infants become more mobile.
C) At two to three months of age,most infants expect people to react positively when the infants initiate a positive behavior.
D) Infants' affect displays during the still-face paradigm are not linked to secure attachment during infancy.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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In the Strange Situation,Cameron did not explore the playroom,clung to his mother when she was in the room,and was very upset when she left the room.When she returned,he appeared to be ambivalent-both wanting to be comforted by his mother,but pushing her away when she attempted to do so.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Cameron as being:


A) securely attached.
B) insecure avoidant.
C) insecure resistant.
D) insecure disorganized.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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According to Rothbart and Bates' new classification of temperament,in which category would Kagan's uninhibited children fit into?


A) Self-regulation
B) Negative affectivity
C) Extraversion/surgency
D) Effortful control

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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During phase 1 of John Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,what is most likely to occur?


A) An infant will show signs of attachment toward the caregiver and anxiety toward strangers.
B) An infant will begin to attach to one person and can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar people.
C) An infant is securely attached to the mother but is still trying to form an attachment with the father.
D) An infant is likely to exhibit smiling or crying in response to strangers,siblings,or parents.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Feelings or affects that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her,especially to his or her well-being are known as:


A) temperament.
B) emotions.
C) personality trait.
D) feeling states.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Jeremy is a securely attached infant; Jason is classified as an insecure infant.Which of the following statements about later functioning for these children is TRUE?


A) There will be no differences in their social functioning by age eight.
B) Jeremy is likely to have more learning difficulty in elementary school than Jason.
C) Jeremy is likely to be more shy and withdrawn than Jason.
D) Jeremy is likely to have more self-confidence than Jason.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,what is the time period of phase 2?


A) From 2 to 7 months
B) From birth to 2 months
C) From 12 to 24 months
D) From 8 to 12 months

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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