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When activated,__________ trigger(s) a chain reaction that punctures bacterial cell membranes.


A) histamine
B) interleukin
C) ADH
D) complement proteins
E) epinephrine

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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White blood cells are produced


A) by mitotic division of other white blood cells.
B) from platelets.
C) from chondrocytes.
D) from bone marrow stem cells.
E) from plasma proteins.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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A primary antigen-presenting cell,a cell that presents an antigen that activates a helper T cell,is a


A) B cell.
B) T cell.
C) macrophage.
D) plasma cell.
E) chondrocyte.

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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If you were asked to plan a genetic modification of cows to increase production of macrophages,you would want to do something to increase production of the cell type known as the


A) lymphocyte.
B) basophil.
C) eosinophil.
D) monocyte.
E) neutrophil.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The primary immune response produces memory cells that stimulate a faster immune response on a subsequent exposure to the same foreign antigen.

A) True
B) False

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Figuer: Figuer:   -What is the independent variable in this figure? A)  number of children with allergies to dust mites B)  amount of interleukin-10 produced C)  number of white blood cells in the children's blood D)  amount of antibodies in the children's blood E)  if children were infected with flatworms -What is the independent variable in this figure?


A) number of children with allergies to dust mites
B) amount of interleukin-10 produced
C) number of white blood cells in the children's blood
D) amount of antibodies in the children's blood
E) if children were infected with flatworms

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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An exaggerated attack on a harmless antigen by an overly sensitive immune system is termed a(n)


A) autoimmune disease.
B) primary immune response.
C) secondary immune response.
D) allergy.
E) innate defense stimulator.

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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How did researchers test if flatworms could moderate the immune system?


A) exposing white blood cells to flatworm antigens and measuring interleukin-10 concentrations
B) exposing white blood cells to dust mite antigens and measuring interleukin-10 concentrations
C) exposing white blood cells to flatworm antigens and measuring histamine concentrations
D) exposing white blood cells to dust mite antigens and measuring histamine concentrations
E) infecting children with flatworms and looking at their number of white blood cells

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Which involves adaptive cell-mediated immunity?


A) a neutrophil killing a bacteria by direct cell-to-cell contact
B) a cytotoxic T cell destroying a virus-infected cell
C) antibodies produced that destroy an invading pathogen
D) a neutrophil killing a bacteria by direct cell-to-cell contact, and a cytotoxic T cell destroying a virus-infected cell
E) a cytotoxic T cell destroying a virus-infected cell, and antibodies produced that destroy an invading pathogen

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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A person with a fever who has a few anthrax spores caught in the mucus membranes in their nose and antibodies binding to the flu virus is showing both passive and active immunity.

A) True
B) False

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Lymph nodes have a crucial role in immunity.

A) True
B) False

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Secondary immune responses depend on and follow primary immune responses.

A) True
B) False

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A fever has no defense function,but only acts as a sign that an infection is present in the body.

A) True
B) False

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To select mutant mice with stronger innate immunity,you might look for ones with greater concentrations of


A) histamine.
B) complement proteins.
C) interleukin.
D) interferon.
E) epinephrine.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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If an Rh- woman has three babies who are Rh+,her immune response to the third baby would be an example of a secondary immune response.

A) True
B) False

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