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Multiple Choice
A) $100
B) $ 75
C) $ 50
D) $ 25
E) $ 0
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Multiple Choice
A) 10.77%
B) 11.33%
C) 11.90%
D) 12.50%
E) 13.12%
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Multiple Choice
A) Since debt capital can cause a company to go bankrupt but equity capital cannot, debt is riskier than equity, and thus the after-tax cost of debt is always greater than the cost of equity.
B) The tax-adjusted cost of debt is always greater than the interest rate on debt, provided the company does in fact pay taxes.
C) If a company assigns the same cost of capital to all of its projects regardless of each project's risk, then the company is likely to reject some safe projects that it actually should accept and to accept some risky projects that it should reject.
D) Because no flotation costs are required to obtain capital as retained earnings, the cost of retained earnings is generally lower than the after-tax cost of debt.
E) Higher flotation costs tend to reduce the cost of equity capital.
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True/False
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Multiple Choice
A) When calculating the cost of debt, a company needs to adjust for taxes, because interest payments are deductible by the paying corporation.
B) When calculating the cost of preferred stock, companies must adjust for taxes, because dividends paid on preferred stock are deductible by the paying corporation.
C) Because of tax effects, an increase in the risk-free rate will have a greater effect on the after-tax cost of debt than on the cost of common stock as measured by the CAPM.
D) If a company's beta increases, this will increase the cost of equity used to calculate the WACC, but only if the company does not have enough retained earnings to take care of its equity financing and hence must issue new stock.
E) Higher flotation costs reduce investors' expected returns, and that leads to a reduction in a company's WACC.
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Multiple Choice
A) A Division B project with a 13% return.
B) A Division B project with a 12% return.
C) A Division A project with an 11% return.
D) A Division A project with a 9% return.
E) A Division B project with an 11% return.
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Multiple Choice
A) 7.81%
B) 8.22%
C) 8.65%
D) 9.10%
E) 9.56%
Correct Answer
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Multiple Choice
A) 10.85%
B) 11.19%
C) 11.53%
D) 11.88%
E) 12.24%
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True/False
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Multiple Choice
A) Although some methods used to estimate the cost of equity are subject to severe limitations, the CAPM is a simple, straightforward, and reliable model that consistently produces accurate cost of equity estimates. In particular, academics and corporate finance people generally agree that its key inputs: beta, the risk-free rate, and the market risk premium: can be estimated with little error.
B) The DCF model is generally preferred by academics and financial executives over other models for estimating the cost of equity. This is because of the DCF model's logical appeal and also because accurate estimates for its key inputs, the dividend yield and the growth rate, are easy to obtain.
C) The bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach to estimating the cost of equity may not always be accurate, but it has the advantage that its two key inputs, the firm's own cost of debt and its risk premium, can be found by using standardized and objective procedures.
D) Surveys indicate that the CAPM is the most widely used method for estimating the cost of equity. However, other methods are also used because CAPM estimates may be subject to error, and people like to use different methods as checks on one another. If all of the methods produce similar results, this increases the decision maker's confidence in the estimated cost of equity.
E) The DCF model is preferred by academics and finance practitioners over other cost of capital models because it correctly recognizes that the expected return on a stock consists of a dividend yield plus an expected capital gains yield.
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Multiple Choice
A) 11.15%
B) 11.73%
C) 12.35%
D) 13.00%
E) 13.65%
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True/False
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Multiple Choice
A) Long-term debt.
B) Accounts payable.
C) Retained earnings.
D) Common stock.
E) Preferred stock.
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