Question 1

If a stranger looks like someone who previously harmed or threatened us in some way,we may-without consciously recalling the earlier experience-react warily.This illustrates that our reactions to others may be influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A)   fixations.
B)   algorithms.
C)   intuition.
D)   overconfidence.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

A longitudinal study is one in which:

Accepted Answer

A)   different age groups are tested at the same time.
B)   different characteristics of a specific individual are assessed by a single test.
C)   different characteristics of a specific individual are assessed by multiple tests.
D)   the same group of people are tested and retested over a period of years.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

The distribution of body weights in the general adult human population forms a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   factor analysis.
B)   normal curve.
C)   representative sample.
D)   standardized group.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

China-born bilingual University of Waterloo students described themselves in either English or Chinese.Their English-language self-descriptions were characterized by ________ self-statements and their Chinese-language self-descriptions were characterized by ________ self-statements.

Accepted Answer

A)   mostly positive;equally positive and negative
B)   mostly negative;equally positive and negative
C)   equally positive and negative;mostly positive
D)   equally positive and negative;mostly negativeE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

The fact that all human languages have nouns,verbs,and adjectives has been used to support the idea of a:

Accepted Answer

A)   linguistic determinism.
B)   universal grammar.
C)   telegraphic speech.
D)   critical period.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

An increase in average intelligence test performance during the past decade would best illustrate why intelligence testing requires up-to-date:

Accepted Answer

A)   validity tests.
B)   standardization.
C)   reliability indices.
D)   processing speed estimates.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Sweden and Iceland exhibit little of the gender gap in mathematical abilities found in Turkey and Korea.This best illustrates that mental abilities are:

Accepted Answer

A)   polygenetic.
B)   genetic.
C)   socially influenced.
D)   stable.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

College students are more likely to use a condom when told that it has a 95 percent success rate than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate.This best illustrates the impact of:

Accepted Answer

A)   framing.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   a fixation.
D)   the availability heuristic.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

The ability to learn from experience,solve problems,and use knowledge to adapt to new situations is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   emotional intelligence.
B)   savant syndrome.
C)   intelligence.
D)   factor analysis.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed.This suggestion most clearly illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   universal grammar.
B)   a critical period.
C)   linguistic determinism.
D)   telegraphic speech.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

English has a rich vocabulary for _________ emotions such as anger.Japanese has more words for _________ emotions such as sympathy.

Accepted Answer

A)   receptive;productive
B)   interpersonal;self-focused
C)   productive;receptive
D)   self-focused;interpersonalE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

When retested on the WAIS,people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely.This indicates that the test has a high degree of:

Accepted Answer

A)   reliability.
B)   content validity.
C)   standardization.
D)   predictive validity.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Although intuition can at times hinder rationality,it is often adaptive because it facilitates

Accepted Answer

A)   framing.
B)   quick decisions.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   a mental set.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Belief perseverance refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions.
B)   approaching a problem in a particular way that has been successful in the past.
C)   a methodical procedure that guarantees the eventual solution of a problem.
D)   clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   convergent thinking.
B)   belief perseverance.
C)   framing.
D)   creativity.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

In testing thousands of different materials for use as light bulb filaments,Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   trial and error.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   framing.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Terman observed that children with IQ scores over 135 are likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)   be athletically uncoordinated.
B)   be academically successful.
C)   have Down syndrome.
D)   have low fluid intelligence.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following individuals does NOT meet the criteria for the diagnosis for intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

A)   21-year-old Jack has Down syndrome and lives in a residential facility.
B)   Thomas has an IQ of 80 and is able to live on his own with some help from his family.
C)   14-year-old Jujuan has extreme difficulty with language and cannot read,cannot follow basic rules,and needs help with his personal hygiene.
D)   25-year-old Christine has an IQ of 65 and lives at home,where she receives much assistance with learning practical and social skills.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on alternative forms of the same test in order to measure the ________ of the test.

Accepted Answer

A)   content validity
B)   predictive validity
C)   normal distribution
D)   reliabilityE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Today's researchers have identified many different DNA segments that contribute to intelligence.This indicates that intelligence:

Accepted Answer

A)   is adaptive.
B)   is completely genetic.
C)   is polygenetic.
D)   depends on the family-environment effect.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed.This suggestion most clearly illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

College students are more likely to use a condom when told that it has a 95 percent success rate than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate.This best illustrates the impact of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Belief perseverance refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following individuals does NOT meet the criteria for the diagnosis for intellectual disability?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in average intelligence test performance during the past decade would best illustrate why intelligence testing requires up-to-date:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

English has a rich vocabulary for _________ emotions such as anger.Japanese has more words for _________ emotions such as sympathy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sweden and Iceland exhibit little of the gender gap in mathematical abilities found in Turkey and Korea.This best illustrates that mental abilities are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a stranger looks like someone who previously harmed or threatened us in some way,we may-without consciously recalling the earlier experience-react warily.This illustrates that our reactions to others may be influenced by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When retested on the WAIS,people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely.This indicates that the test has a high degree of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A longitudinal study is one in which:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

China-born bilingual University of Waterloo students described themselves in either English or Chinese.Their English-language self-descriptions were characterized by ________ self-statements and their Chinese-language self-descriptions were characterized by ________ self-statements.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The distribution of body weights in the general adult human population forms a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although intuition can at times hinder rationality,it is often adaptive because it facilitates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Today's researchers have identified many different DNA segments that contribute to intelligence.This indicates that intelligence:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In testing thousands of different materials for use as light bulb filaments,Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Terman observed that children with IQ scores over 135 are likely to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability to learn from experience,solve problems,and use knowledge to adapt to new situations is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on alternative forms of the same test in order to measure the ________ of the test.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that all human languages have nouns,verbs,and adjectives has been used to support the idea of a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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English has a rich vocabulary for _ emotions such as anger.Japanese has more words for _ emotions such as sympathy.

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China-born bilingual University of Waterloo students described themselves in either English or Chinese.Their English-language self-descriptions were characterized by self-statements and their Chinese-language self-descriptions were characterized by self-statements.

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