Question 1

In an experiment,researchers exposed half of the participants to loud noise during a memory-encoding task.The room was quiet for the other half of the participants.Later,all participants were given a memory test and the number of correct items recalled was obtained for each participant.The participants who encoded information in the quiet room constitute the:

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable.
B)  dependent variable.
C)  experimental group.
D)  control group.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

A psychiatrist is interested in comparing two different drugs to treat depression in a sample of patients.Because the drugs may differ both in terms of their effectiveness and in terms of side effects,patients are randomly assigned to the two drug conditions.Randomly assigning patients to groups satisfies which feature of ethical research?

Accepted Answer

A)  external validity
B)  beneficence
C)  being just
D)  respecting peopleE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

A group of five college students form a study group for their introductory psychology class.They study diligently and for much longer hours than the typical student.These five students are in the same introductory psychology class with 25 other students.If a frequency distribution is taken of study hours,the distribution probably will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  normal.
B)  bimodal.
C)  negatively skewed.
D)  positively skewed.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

A testable prediction derived from a theory is termed a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  experiment.
B)  operational definition.
C)  hypothesis.
D)  valid measure.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which number represents the STRONGEST correlation coefficient (r) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  -.5
B)  .4
C)  -.1
D)  2.0E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 6

In the number sequence 3 6 1 1 9,what is the range?

Accepted Answer

A)  4
B)  6
C)  1
D)  8E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Wally wants to see if room temperature affects happiness.He invites participants to the laboratory,where half are seated for 20 minutes in a booth held at a constant 68 degrees,and the other half are seated in an identical booth for 20 minutes at a constant 88 degrees.Wally then asks members of each group to rate their level of happiness.What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of participants
B)  the elapsed time
C)  the temperature of the booths
D)  the rating of happinessE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Random assignment to groups helps ensure that:

Accepted Answer

A)  demand characteristics in each group are minimized.
B)  an independent variable is manipulated in each group.
C)  groups do not differ on variables not of interest.
D)  a correlation does not exist between the independent and dependent variable.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Correlations detect:

Accepted Answer

A)  the power of a measure.
B)  patterns of variation in a series of measurements.
C)  patterns of selection in a varied population.
D)  sources of unsystematic error in a data set.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Which statement regarding deception in psychological research is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deception cannot be used.
B)  Deception is a standard practice to minimize demand characteristics and does not need to be justified.
C)  Deception cannot be used if it puts participants at risk of harm or pain.
D)  Deception involving exposure to harm or pain is only justified if debriefing is provided.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Which statement is an unfalsifiable psychological claim?

Accepted Answer

A)  Teenagers are more sexually active than their parents tend to believe they are.
B)  People are less likely to help a stranger in need as the number of other bystanders increases.
C)  The hippocampus is a brain structure critically involved in the formation of long-term memories.
D)  Part of the human unconscious is the id,an unobservable entity that governs basic human drives.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

People are difficult to study because they often behave differently when they know that they are being observed,a phenomenon known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  unpredictability.
B)  variability.
C)  complexity.
D)  reactivity.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychologists must make reasonable efforts to minimize distress to animals.
B)  Psychologists must not expose animals to painful stimuli.
C)  Surgical procedures should be conducted by qualified personnel,and animals must be under appropriate anesthesia.
D)  All research involving animals must be supervised by psychologists who are trained in research methods and the care and use of animals in research.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

When the _____ variable is manipulated,at least _____ group(s) is/are created.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent;one
B)  dependent;two
C)  independent;one
D)  independent;twoE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

A set of rules and techniques for observation is termed an empirical:

Accepted Answer

A)  theory.
B)  study.
C)  definition.
D)  method.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Participants in one study (Lord,Ross,& Lepper,1979) were first asked about their beliefs regarding the death penalty,and then they were provided with evidence both for and against it.After studying these materials,beliefs about the death penalty were reassessed.This study found that participants:

Accepted Answer

A)  reported that their original beliefs were weakened after evaluating arguments on both sides of the debate.
B)  were more likely to favor the death penalty,regardless of their original beliefs.
C)  were more likely to oppose the death penalty,regardless of their original beliefs.
D)  reported that their original beliefs were strengthened after evaluating arguments on both sides of the debate.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The tendency for a measure to produce different results when the quantity measured changes only slightly is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiation.
B)  power.
C)  validity.
D)  reactivity.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

_____ involves making direct observations of the world,whereas _____ involves relying on assumptions and beliefs about the world.

Accepted Answer

A)  Methodology;empiricism
B)  Dogmatism;empiricism
C)  Empiricism;dogmatism
D)  Empiricism;methodologyE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 19

As a feature of ethical research,the term just refers to which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Risks and benefits should be distributed fairly to participants.
B)  Deception should not be used.
C)  Researchers should attempt to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks to participants.
D)  Researchers should obtain an informed consent from participants.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Professor Kim creates a frequency distribution of exam scores from her class of 300 students.Possible scores on the exam ranged from zero to 100.What should be displayed on the vertical axis?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of times each possible score occurred
B)  each possible score
C)  the mean of the 1,000 scores
D)  the categorical labels "Not Depressed" and "Depressed"E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 2: Methods in Psychology-Part A

A set of rules and techniques for observation is termed an empirical:

Correct Answer
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Which statement is an unfalsifiable psychological claim?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correlations detect:

Correct Answer
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The tendency for a measure to produce different results when the quantity measured changes only slightly is known as:

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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As a feature of ethical research,the term just refers to which statement?

Correct Answer
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Which number represents the STRONGEST correlation coefficient (r) ?

Correct Answer
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Participants in one study (Lord,Ross,& Lepper,1979) were first asked about their beliefs regarding the death penalty,and then they were provided with evidence both for and against it.After studying these materials,beliefs about the death penalty were reassessed.This study found that participants:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When the _ variable is manipulated,at least _ group(s) is/are created.

Correct Answer
verified

People are difficult to study because they often behave differently when they know that they are being observed,a phenomenon known as:

Correct Answer
verified

In the number sequence 3 6 1 1 9,what is the range?

Correct Answer
verified

Professor Kim creates a frequency distribution of exam scores from her class of 300 students.Possible scores on the exam ranged from zero to 100.What should be displayed on the vertical axis?

Correct Answer
verified

Random assignment to groups helps ensure that:

Correct Answer
verified

_ involves making direct observations of the world,whereas _ involves relying on assumptions and beliefs about the world.

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement regarding deception in psychological research is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

A testable prediction derived from a theory is termed a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Methods in Psychology-Part A

A set of rules and techniques for observation is termed an empirical:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is an unfalsifiable psychological claim?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correlations detect:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency for a measure to produce different results when the quantity measured changes only slightly is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a feature of ethical research,the term just refers to which statement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which number represents the STRONGEST correlation coefficient (r) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Participants in one study (Lord,Ross,& Lepper,1979) were first asked about their beliefs regarding the death penalty,and then they were provided with evidence both for and against it.After studying these materials,beliefs about the death penalty were reassessed.This study found that participants:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the _____ variable is manipulated,at least _____ group(s) is/are created.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are difficult to study because they often behave differently when they know that they are being observed,a phenomenon known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the number sequence 3 6 1 1 9,what is the range?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Kim creates a frequency distribution of exam scores from her class of 300 students.Possible scores on the exam ranged from zero to 100.What should be displayed on the vertical axis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Random assignment to groups helps ensure that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ involves making direct observations of the world,whereas _____ involves relying on assumptions and beliefs about the world.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement regarding deception in psychological research is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A testable prediction derived from a theory is termed a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

When the _ variable is manipulated,at least _ group(s) is/are created.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

_ involves making direct observations of the world,whereas _ involves relying on assumptions and beliefs about the world.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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