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Exam 10: Motivating Employees

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Question 181

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Which of the following is a characteristic of Type A management?

A) lifetime employment
B) slow evaluation and promotion
C) non-specialized career path
D) individual decision-making

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 182

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Herzberg's research found that the factor that ranked highest as a motivator was:

A) the friendliness of supervisors.
B) a sense of achievement.
C) a compensation system that included bonuses and regular pay raises.
D) the presence of clear and consistent company rules and policies.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Question 183

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According to Maslow,if you have a self-esteem problem,you probably will not be able to concern yourself with developing to your fullest potential. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,one must satisfy lower order needs first,before satisfying a higher order need.Satisfying esteem needs must be met before satisfying self-actualization needs.

Job enlargement attempts to enrich jobs by combining a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment,as opposed to simplifying the job.

Alan tries to make life easy on his employees by telling them exactly what to do and how to do it.He believes that most of his subordinates are lazy,and will goof off if he doesn't keep an eye on them,so he spends much of his time monitoring their work.When he finds an employee who is not performing up to his expectations,Alan uses threats and punishment to increase the worker's motivation.Alan is a Theory X-type manager. A Theory X-type manager assumes that employees are lazy and will avoid work if possible.He or she also assumes that employees have very little ambition and prefer to be told what to do.A Theory X-type manager tries to motivate employees by using threats and punishment.

Teamwork tends to occur naturally within business organizations regardless of the plans or actions of managers.

In order to encourage teamwork between and among managers and employees,top management must create an organizational culture that allows autonomy,decentralizes authority,and rewards good work.

According to Maslow,people will try to satisfy lower order needs before they turn their attention to higher order needs.

According to equity theory,if employees perceive that their level of effort is greater than their compensation,they will work to increase their productivity.

Than Wok emigrated from his war-torn country to the United States almost two years ago.He recently found a job working on an assembly line at a major computer manufacturer.Than left his friends and family behind when he came to the United States.He is lonely and hopes that his fellow employees will accept him so that he can build some lasting friendships.According to Maslow,Than wants to satisfy his:

The best way for U.S.firms to become more competitive is to adopt the Type J approach to management. Type J is the Japanese approach to management.The cultures of Japan and the United States are quite different,and it is unlikely that the Type J approach would work as well in the United States because of these cultural differences.

Equity theory tells us that when employees perceive inequitable treatment they will respond in a manner that will attempt to reestablish fairness.

In Maslow's hierarchy,__________ needs refer to the desire to reach one's fullest potential.

According to expectancy theory,worker motivation almost always increases when employees are assigned a very challenging task. Expectancy theory maintains that employees will want to know about the rewards they will receive and will only be highly motivated if they think the rewards are worth the effort.Thus,according to expectancy theory,if a task is perceived as being very difficult,employees are unlikely to put forth their maximum effort unless they believe the rewards are substantial.

The concept that a hierarchy of human needs could be used to explain motivation was developed by:

In a low context culture,employees are less likely to place emphasis on relationship building.They want to jump right in and get the job done.

A major conclusion of the Hawthorne studies was that the best way to motivate employees is with monetary incentives such as pay raises and bonuses.

Two things many firms with highly motivated workforces have in common are open communications and self-managed teams of employees.

A major problem with the MBO approach is that it provides no way for employees to provide input into the goal-setting process. MBO consists of a cycle of discussion,review and evaluation that gets everyone from top and middle manager to non-managerial employees involved in goal setting.

Elton Mayo conducted studies known as the Hawthorne Studies and became known as the father of scientific management.