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If firms in a monopolistically competitive market are earning positive profits, then


A) firms will likely be subject to regulation.
B) barriers to entry will be strengthened.
C) some firms will exit the market.
D) new firms will enter the market.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Figure 16-13 Figure 16-13   -Refer to Figure 16-13. Use the letters to identify the area of total cost for this firm. -Refer to Figure 16-13. Use the letters to identify the area of total cost for this firm.

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Which of the following statements is not correct?


A) The typical monopolistically competitive firm could reduce its average total cost if it produced more output.
B) Monopolistically competitive firms advertise in order to increase the elasticity of the demand curve they face.
C) Expensive advertising might help consumers if it is a signal that the product is good.
D) Brand names acquired at great cost might help consumers by assuring quality.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Under which of the following market structures would the highest output of a particular good be produced?


A) perfect competition
B) monopolistic competition
C) oligopoly
D) monopoly

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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In monopolistically competitive markets, free entry and exit suggests that


A) the market structure will eventually be characterized by perfect competition in the long run.
B) all firms earn zero economic profits in the long run.
C) some firms will be able to earn economic profits in the long run.
D) some firms will be forced to incur economic losses in the long run.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Monopolistic competition is characterized by a few sellers offering similar products, whereas oligopoly is characterized by many sellers offering differentiated products.

A) True
B) False

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Scenario 16-1 Suppose the following are the sales for all of the firms in two different industries. Scenario 16-1 Suppose the following are the sales for all of the firms in two different industries.   -Refer to Scenario 16-1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the competitiveness of these two industries? A)  Industry A and Industry B are equally competitive. B)  Industry A is more competitive than Industry B. C)  Industry A is less competitive than Industry B. D)  The competitiveness of these two industries cannot be determined from the information given. -Refer to Scenario 16-1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the competitiveness of these two industries?


A) Industry A and Industry B are equally competitive.
B) Industry A is more competitive than Industry B.
C) Industry A is less competitive than Industry B.
D) The competitiveness of these two industries cannot be determined from the information given.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Figure 16-9 The figure is drawn for a monopolistically-competitive firm. Figure 16-9 The figure is drawn for a monopolistically-competitive firm.   -Refer to Figure 16-9. As the figure is drawn, the firm is in A)  a short-run equilibrium but it is not in a long-run equilibrium. B)  a long-run equilibrium but it is not in a short-run equilibrium. C)  a short-run equilibrium as well as a long-run equilibrium. D)  neither a short-run equilibrium nor a long-run equilibrium. -Refer to Figure 16-9. As the figure is drawn, the firm is in


A) a short-run equilibrium but it is not in a long-run equilibrium.
B) a long-run equilibrium but it is not in a short-run equilibrium.
C) a short-run equilibrium as well as a long-run equilibrium.
D) neither a short-run equilibrium nor a long-run equilibrium.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Figure 16-11 Figure 16-11   -Refer to Figure 16-11. How much consumer surplus will be derived from the purchase of this product at the monopolistically competitive price? A)  $250. B)  $500 C)  $562.50. D)  $1250. -Refer to Figure 16-11. How much consumer surplus will be derived from the purchase of this product at the monopolistically competitive price?


A) $250.
B) $500
C) $562.50.
D) $1250.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Figure 16-13 Figure 16-13   -Refer to Figure 16-13. Use the letters to identify the area of profit for this firm. -Refer to Figure 16-13. Use the letters to identify the area of profit for this firm.

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Each firm in a monopolistically competitive market


A) earns both short-run and long-run profits.
B) faces a downward-sloping demand curve.
C) cannot earn economic profit in the short run.
D) sets price equal to marginal cost.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Scenario 16-3 Peter operates an ice cream shop in the center of Fairfield. He sells several unusual flavors of organic, homemade ice cream so he has a monopoly over his own ice cream, though he competes with many other firms selling ice cream in Fairfield for the same customers. Peter's demand and cost values for sales per day are given in the table below. (Everyone who purchases Peter's ice cream buys a double scoop cone because it's so delicious.) Scenario 16-3 Peter operates an ice cream shop in the center of Fairfield. He sells several unusual flavors of organic, homemade ice cream so he has a monopoly over his own ice cream, though he competes with many other firms selling ice cream in Fairfield for the same customers. Peter's demand and cost values for sales per day are given in the table below. (Everyone who purchases Peter's ice cream buys a double scoop cone because it's so delicious.)    -Refer to Scenario 16-3. Which of the following statements best describes the long run adjustment in this market? A)  One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits increase and he sustains positive profits in the long run. B)  One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits increase until he earns zero profit. C)  One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Peter for customers, reducing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits decline until he incurs losses and exits the industry. D)  One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Peter for customers, reducing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits decline until he earns zero profit. -Refer to Scenario 16-3. Which of the following statements best describes the long run adjustment in this market?


A) One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits increase and he sustains positive profits in the long run.
B) One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits increase until he earns zero profit.
C) One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Peter for customers, reducing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits decline until he incurs losses and exits the industry.
D) One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Peter for customers, reducing the demand for Peter's ice cream. Peter's profits decline until he earns zero profit.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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If firms in a monopolistically competitive market are incurring economic losses, which of the following statements describes the changes that occur as the market adjusts to the long-run equilibrium?


A) Each existing firm's demand curve shifts to the left.
B) More firms enter the market.
C) Each firm eliminates its excess capacity.
D) Both a and b are correct.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Entry of new firms in monopolistically competitive industries can convey a positive externality on consumers because new products result in more consumer surplus. This externality is called the

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Table 16-2 The following table shows the total output produced by the top six firms as well as the total industry output for each industry. Table 16-2 The following table shows the total output produced by the top six firms as well as the total industry output for each industry.   -Refer to Table 16-2. Which industry is the least competitive? A)  Industry J B)  Industry K C)  Industry L D)  Industry M -Refer to Table 16-2. Which industry is the least competitive?


A) Industry J
B) Industry K
C) Industry L
D) Industry M

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Figure 16-4 Figure 16-4   -Refer to Figure 16-4. At the profit-maximizing, or loss-minimizing, output level, the firm in this figure has total costs of approximately A)  $12,000. B)  $18,000. C)  $21,000. D)  $24,000. -Refer to Figure 16-4. At the profit-maximizing, or loss-minimizing, output level, the firm in this figure has total costs of approximately


A) $12,000.
B) $18,000.
C) $21,000.
D) $24,000.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Scenario 16-7 Consider the problem facing two firms, YumYum and Bertollini, in the frozen food market. Each firm has just come up with an idea for a new "frozen meal for two" which it would sell for $9. Assume that the marginal cost for each new product is a constant $2, and the only fixed cost is for advertising. Each company knows that if it spends $12 million on advertising it will get 1.5 million consumers to try its new product. YumYum has done market research which suggests that its product does not have any "staying" power in the market. Even though it could get 1.5 million consumers to buy the product once, it is unlikely that they will continue to buy the product in the future. Bertollini's market research suggests that its product is very good, and consumers who try the product will continue to be consumers over the ensuing year. On the basis of its market research, Bertollini estimates that its initial 1.5 million customers will buy one unit of the product each month in the coming year, for a total of 18 million units. -Refer to Scenario 16-7. By its willingness to spend money on advertising, Bertollini


A) signals the quality of its new product to consumers.
B) signals that it is not a profit maximizer.
C) is detracting from the efficiency of markets.
D) will drive YumYum out of the market.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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A new Mexican restaurant opens in the city of Manchester. The other restaurant owners are not happy about this new restaurant because they are experiencing what externality?

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A firm in a monopolistically competitive market is usually indifferent to an additional customer walking through the door, since a sale to that customer will not increase the firm's profit.

A) True
B) False

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Since a firm in a monopolistically competitive market faces a


A) downward-sloping demand curve, it will always operate with excess capacity.
B) downward-sloping demand curve, it will always operate at its efficient scale.
C) perfectly elastic demand curve, it will always operate with excess capacity.
D) perfectly inelastic demand curve, it will always operate at its efficient scale.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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